Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 19 of 19 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2411.11171.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2411.11171 v5

Coverage vector

measured 19 of 19 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.146695Z

measured 21 of 21 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T12:28:06.411686Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-05T05:19:32.595143Z

Reference resolution

19 of 19 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy9
unresolved10
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 37019754-988d-45c8-8b15-8f5f90f05fd1 · outbound

This paper cites 2014_52” head snapshot. “Unique.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch 2014_52” head snapshot. “Unique

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.334806Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 18fd1198-59ae-49d6-b0a2-ece9aa9aa01d · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of 9 the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Nat- ural Language Processing, pages 2475–2485, Brus- sels, Belgium.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch In Proceedings of 9 the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Nat- ural Language Processing, pages 2475–2485, Brus- sels, Belgium

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.401271Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 774d211b-f422-4c8c-84fd-9ef733d79d1a · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.092902Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bd62bc19-ea4d-40fb-a511-642bbbd2a994 · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the Konferenz der deutschen KI- Servicezentren 2024 (KonKIS 24).

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch In Proceedings of the Konferenz der deutschen KI- Servicezentren 2024 (KonKIS 24)

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.391213Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation f1e76f90-3eed-4c59-880c-56f26b9cdc11 · outbound

This paper cites EuroLLM: Multilingual Language Models for Europe.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch EuroLLM: Multilingual Language Models for Europe

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.110145Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 695d846d-180e-4e3a-bc2b-ea3a5bdfbc26 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.368706Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation ca9a2f08-3d05-41fc-a54c-5ba2fb2761af · outbound

This paper cites GottBERT: a pure German Language Model.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch GottBERT: a pure German Language Model

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.121432Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fa3bd5a3-deea-4a81-ace0-42dcf898949d · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.125706Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2b81f752-7b0b-41fc-83c8-0a8c72cef238 · outbound

This paper cites TinyLlama: An Open-Source Small Language Model.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch TinyLlama: An Open-Source Small Language Model

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.136665Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8fcd5348-669e-4a67-9cf9-d89f0a1dd3e0 · outbound

This paper cites high_school_computer_science.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch high_school_computer_science

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.324393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation d88c9b7a-c555-4049-a4c5-1f60ac0f2a1a · outbound

This paper cites saturated.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch saturated

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.313617Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 4aea62bf-ea6d-447d-aa6e-f5bb832fa61e · outbound

This paper cites Rowan Zellers, Ari Holtzman, Yonatan Bisk, Ali Farhadi, and Yejin Choi.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch Rowan Zellers, Ari Holtzman, Yonatan Bisk, Ali Farhadi, and Yejin Choi

Reference 2017

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.345997Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 45fb8598-cb23-4763-939e-f31aef276a88 · outbound

This paper cites Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge

Reference 2018

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.085249Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2063ed52-b58d-49d3-a983-4bac0f21dda4 · outbound

This paper cites Multilingual is not enough: BERT for Finnish.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch Multilingual is not enough: BERT for Finnish

Reference 2019

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.130288Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8f4ca7b1-3dad-4fe3-8091-3ec521c1e00e · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 6008–6018, Online.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 6008–6018, Online

Reference 2020

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.379530Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 887312e8-8b39-41da-80a6-9d1f9406833e · outbound

This paper cites Associa- tion for Computational Linguistics, Duesseldorf, Ger- many.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch Associa- tion for Computational Linguistics, Duesseldorf, Ger- many

Reference 2021

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.357015Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 2c4c192f-84f7-441e-b85f-af9b968b49bd · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch Mistral 7B

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.103514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4b3f0c9b-7370-400e-876f-073d82af6f1e · outbound

This paper cites Association for Computational Linguistics.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch Association for Computational Linguistics

Reference 2024

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.411661Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 87ffe210-3e93-4dc4-991f-72be16a1e91b · outbound

This paper cites Preprint, arXiv:2505.13136.

LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch Preprint, arXiv:2505.13136

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T18:54:48.096562Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation dadbeecf-75a9-4b74-841e-b42ae7aa6481 · inbound

Out of Sight Out of Mind, Out of Sight Out of Mind: Measuring Bias in Language Models Against Overlooked Marginalized Groups in Regional Contexts cites this paper.

Out of Sight Out of Mind, Out of Sight Out of Mind: Measuring Bias in Language Models Against Overlooked Marginalized Groups in Regional Contexts LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch

Reference 65

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:28:06.411686Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 03da0271-dc54-40c2-b9bf-0f5baa5c1ee0 · inbound

Llama-GENBA-10B: A Trilingual Large Language Model for German, English and Bavarian cites this paper.

Llama-GENBA-10B: A Trilingual Large Language Model for German, English and Bavarian LL\"aMmlein: Transparent, Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch

Reference 31

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-05T05:19:32.724389Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.