Controlling ligand-mediated exchange interactions in periodically driven magnetic materials

A periodic drive could alter the effective exchange interactions in magnetic materials. Here, we explore how exchange pathways affect the effective interactions of periodically driven magnetic materials. Aiming to apply Floquet engineering methods to two-dimensional magnetic materials, we consider realistic models and discuss the effect of a periodic drive on ligand-mediated exchange interactions. We show that depending on bond angles and the number of ligand ions involved in the exchange process, drive-induced changes can be very different from those calculated from direct-hopping models considered earlier. We study these effects and find that the presence of ligand ions must be taken into account, especially for TMTCs where ligand ion mediated next-neighbor interactions play a crucial role in determining the magnetic ground state of the system.