New results on the Gunn-Peterson Effect at High Redshift

Attempts to measure the optical depth due to a diffuse intergalactic medium (IGM) in the spectra of high redshift quasars (GP test) within the ESO key program on the intergalactic medium are reviewed. It is shown that there is no evidence for any Gunn-Peterson effect up to the highest redshifts observable in quasar spectra. The Ly$\alpha$ line statistics consistent with this limit is not able to explain the strong absorption observed at the HeII forest in one QSO, leaving room for a true HeII GP effect. The HI/HeII GP ratio implies a steep ionizing UV background at $z\sim 5$ and ionizing sources of stellar origin.