Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T21:10:12.140345Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 47 of 47 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2509.07983.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T21:10:12.140345Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-12T03:36:04.905210Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-12T03:36:20.086047Z
47 of 47 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation b48b42c3-251e-462d-b557-4f44bae945cf · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Discovering Bias in Latent Space: An Unsupervised Debiasing Approach
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 6f179b0c-eacd-488c-b134-ae6c1133d237 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Model-based reinforcement learning for biological sequence design
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 864a9e23-80e7-4f1a-bc8b-f0ef5d654a62 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Personalized Steering of Large Language Models: Versatile Steering Vectors Through Bi-directional Preference Optimization
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8ea9e018-689c-4275-95c3-d3327c3f67e4 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Bioinformatics approaches for improved recombinant protein production in escherichia coli: protein solubility prediction.Briefings in bioinformatics, 15(6):953–962, 2014
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation cdf7bccc-38ee-46b0-a6a6-ad6735be13eb · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Protein stability prediction by fine-tuning a protein language model on a mega-scale dataset.PLOS Computational Biology, 20(7):e1012248, 2024
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 5ffb69a7-910b-4d77-a5eb-edac13521f8d · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Controllable protein design with language models.Nature Machine Intelligence, 4(6):521–532, 2022
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 53e79a36-ca22-4b6c-9020-6b33e650f3c0 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Protein language model fitness is a matter of preference.bioRxiv, pages 2024–10, 2024
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 9a169e69-fb83-4c38-983a-2af6708235fb · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Sofroniew, Deniz Oktay, Zeming Lin, Robert Verkuil, Vincent Q
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation e6c082f5-9afc-428c-a3bd-dbc6a46a7f9c · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Efficient evolution of human antibodies from general protein language models.Nature Biotechnology, 42(2):275–283, 2024
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 325e9e53-bebf-4fdc-afe5-46a8a5433ce6 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Evolutionary velocity with protein language models predicts evolutionary dynamics of diverse proteins.Cell Systems, 13(4):274–285, 2022
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 26cb6cb3-2cff-4554-aa81-0195a47a0d0b · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models LoRA: Low-rank adaptation of large language models
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 500afbcb-ca5b-429c-980e-c01bf5777a3f · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Meltome at- las—thermal proteome stability across the tree of life.Nature methods, 17(5):495–503, 2020
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 5d14aa19-afcd-4de0-b93f-5beea12b5d3d · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Improving protein optimization with smoothed fitness landscapes
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 1ebc1701-46f2-428a-a2ec-440af51246a8 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Programming Refusal with Conditional Activation Steering
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 61346892-f195-4d5a-9446-06762b93d47d · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Robust Optimization in Protein Fitness Landscapes Using Reinforcement Learning in Latent Space
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c61c5583-bb6e-44c7-9fec-ed9b0600b134 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Inference- time intervention: Eliciting truthful answers from a language model.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36, 2024
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 84fdaa07-3898-4be0-ad01-0eee42c9df62 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Language models of protein sequences at the scale of evolution enable accurate structure prediction
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6789afc6-a697-4628-b244-19b619380b12 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Evolutionary-scale prediction of atomic-level protein structure with a language model.Science, 379(6637):1123–1130, 2023
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2337b863-f4c0-465d-94b7-14b5a3b857e8 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models In-context Vectors: Making In Context Learning More Effective and Controllable Through Latent Space Steering
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 670c476e-22bd-468e-a5cf-80108efeeab7 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models ProLLaMA: A Protein Large Language Model for Multi-Task Protein Language Processing
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 70f9fe5c-b9c6-422a-b872-5932f7f8b27d · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Large language models generate functional protein sequences across diverse families.Nature Biotechnology, 41(8):1099–1106, 2023
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 29eccc50-ae49-4c8d-a4dd-934ced6a2686 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models ProGen: Language Modeling for Protein Generation
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 89ce3840-5fd1-44d2-b17b-635dcb9f74f3 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Protein fitness prediction is impacted by the interplay of language models, ensemble learning, and sampling methods.Pharmaceutics, 15(5):1337, 2023
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 4b5d9811-eaab-4913-971c-8d55d04bcc88 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Language models enable zero-shot prediction of the effects of mutations on protein function.Advances in neural information processing systems, 34:29287–29303, 2021
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ca0c078d-d33f-41ed-9dd9-374847237494 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Progen2: exploring the boundaries of protein language models.Cell systems, 14(11):968–978, 2023
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1c2d053b-3521-4be4-a45b-70517d67bdf9 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Tranception: protein fitness prediction with autoregressive transformers and inference-time retrieval
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bbc84038-7ba3-40fa-8daa-0470fffab148 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Proteingym: Large- scale benchmarks for protein fitness prediction and design.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36, 2024
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 6ebb4525-2165-44ac-860f-aeb624bfbb51 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Steering Llama 2 via Contrastive Activation Addition
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a3fb5ea9-fd29-46ba-a330-6a5fc4f0c5a3 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models BioT5+: Towards Generalized Biological Understanding with IUPAC Integration and Multi-task Tuning
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 74f108cb-57c5-4080-b8cf-8a09fcaeac56 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Spectral Editing of Activations for Large Language Model Alignment
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 500178dd-5e1f-4c39-af4d-87e9538e8d5f · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Proximal exploration for model-guided protein sequence design
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 55ae8520-596b-46b6-a268-bc83a806bf31 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Exploring protein fitness landscapes by directed evolution.Nature reviews Molecular cell biology, 10(12):866–876, 2009
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 074c02dd-335e-44a8-b6da-dc42131ca065 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models AdaLead: A simple and robust adaptive greedy search algorithm for sequence design
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a09bb042-bcc9-4225-a696-5a206ccc58f7 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Representation Surgery: Theory and Practice of Affine Steering
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7be6de32-8cf6-4a8d-8d49-7fb5658eb4c9 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Accelerating bayesian optimization for biological se- quence design with denoising autoencoders
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation b9d33fc1-1ac5-4335-96ec-06a98ff27405 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Mmseqs2 enables sensitive protein sequence searching for the analysis of massive data sets.Nature biotechnology, 35(11):1026–1028, 2017
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b6403da3-a8be-4695-bf06-b19d714fa563 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Deep generative modeling for protein design.Current opinion in structural biology, 72:226–236, 2022
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 09fc1d60-2f5c-4ee1-a372-eaa35d99fcd3 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Extracting Latent Steering Vectors from Pretrained Language Models
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4f7931e1-2f1a-41ba-af9d-3da415a70418 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Uniref clusters: a comprehensive and scalable alternative for improving sequence similarity searches.Bioinformatics, 31(6):926–932, 2015
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation eaa80912-9ca8-4e05-a1d2-d7e698c52e97 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Activation addition: Steering language models without optimization
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 669b354d-6352-46b5-ae79-5dd23e4f80a3 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Trojan Activation Attack: Red-Teaming Large Language Models using Activation Steering for Safety-Alignment
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d80c5d29-660f-4749-a554-5cac701af657 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Informed training set design enables efficient machine learning-assisted directed protein evolution.Cell systems, 12(11):1026–1045, 2021
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 2f10e97d-6b28-43fe-a72f-dce332bbae63 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Machine learning-assisted directed protein evolution with combinatorial libraries.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(18):8852–8858, 2019
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation be598a88-e367-444c-ae80-5f02cfb6bb51 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Active learning-assisted directed evolution.Nature Communications, 16(1):714, 2025
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 0e0d0f89-2440-4718-b29c-b5d4e01400f3 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Multi-Scale Representation Learning for Protein Fitness Prediction
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 5cefd36c-e900-4c6b-aaf4-390688eb59f4 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Structure- informed language models are protein designers
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation aef7fd01-d6cf-4909-873a-7944c2174b41 · outbound
Steering Protein Language Models Representation Engineering: A Top-Down Approach to AI Transparency
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6575fd76-c47a-49e7-9ef4-94a97d933da6 · inbound
ProteinOPD: Towards Effective and Efficient Preference Alignment for Protein Design Steering Protein Language Models
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.