Dynamical pressure boundary condition for weakly-compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics

This paper introduces a novel dynamical pressure boundary condition for weakly-compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (WCSPH). Unlike previous methods that rely on indirect approaches or ghost particles, our method integrates the dynamical boundary pressure directly into the SPH approximation of the pressure gradient on near-boundary particles. Additionally, we develop a meshfree bidirectional in-/outflow buffer by periodically relabelling buffer particles at each time step, a concept that has not been explored before. This simple yet effective buffer facilitates the simulation of both uni- and bidirectional flows, especially those with mixed in-/outflow boundary conditions. We validate the accuracy and convergence of our method through benchmark cases with available analytical solutions. Furthermore, we demonstrate its versatility in hemodynamic simulations by investigating generic carotid and aorta flows with the Windkessel model, paving the way for studying the cardiovascular system within a unified meshfree computational framework.