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arxiv 2302.04267 v2 pith:W7RTYFTN submitted 2023-02-08 cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.supr-con

Nonsinusoidal current-phase relations in semiconductor-superconductor-ferromagnetic insulator devices

classification cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.supr-con
keywords current-phaseinsulatorjosephsonpairscooperharmonicsjunctionjunctions
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Coherent tunneling processes of multiple Cooper pairs across a Josephson junction give rise to higher harmonics in the current phase relation. In this work, we propose and study Josephson junctions based on semiconductor-superconductor-ferromagnetic insulator heterostructures to engineer nonsinusoidal current-phase relations. The gate-tunability of charge carriers density in the semiconductor, together with the adjustable magnetization of the ferromagnetic insulator, provides control over the content of the supercurrent harmonics. At finite exchange field, hybrid junctions can undergo a 0\,--\,$\pi$ phase transition, resulting in the supercurrent reversal. Close to the transition, single-pair tunneling is suppressed and the current-phase relation is dominated by the second-harmonic, indicating transport primarily by pairs of Cooper pairs. Finally, we demonstrate that non-collinear magnetization or spin-orbit coupling in the leads and the junction can lead to a gate-tunable Josephson diode effect with efficiencies of up to $\sim30\%$.

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