Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Philip G. Wright, directed acyclic graphs, and instrumental variables

As of 24 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 9 of 9 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.16395.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.16395 v2

Coverage vector

measured 9 of 9 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T14:15:42.222570Z

measured 9 of 9 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

9 of 9 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy3
unresolved5
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 330c363f-a20f-4322-98d5-4e1818803383 · outbound

This paper cites Identification and Inference Under Narrative Restrictions.

Philip G. Wright, directed acyclic graphs, and instrumental variables Identification and Inference Under Narrative Restrictions

Reference 1

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T14:15:42.288203Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 568406a6-a3bd-49b6-8c26-d77878ff5765 · outbound

This paper cites We assume that there is no W (or that it has been partialed out, as we do in the next section), and that Z d and Z s are scalar random variables.

Philip G. Wright, directed acyclic graphs, and instrumental variables We assume that there is no W (or that it has been partialed out, as we do in the next section), and that Z d and Z s are scalar random variables

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:15:42.402558Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation b5193fac-f143-495f-b0b5-f6fb7f0748f2 · outbound

This paper cites Here, we consider a simpliﬁed setting where all producers are foreign and consumers ar e domestic.

Philip G. Wright, directed acyclic graphs, and instrumental variables Here, we consider a simpliﬁed setting where all producers are foreign and consumers ar e domestic

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:15:42.387126Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation e282408d-b171-4732-a460-5d8203972fe9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Philip G. Wright, directed acyclic graphs, and instrumental variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:15:42.370306Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 203c3d2c-1e07-4213-95e2-ed666b95d75c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Philip G. Wright, directed acyclic graphs, and instrumental variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:15:42.354316Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 870f31d3-eb18-4287-8439-c226939cf14a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Philip G. Wright, directed acyclic graphs, and instrumental variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:15:42.338233Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 044e7f5c-4b76-4787-bcac-c2d0c98b0fd6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Philip G. Wright, directed acyclic graphs, and instrumental variables Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:15:42.322006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation cacb31b9-9906-429e-b547-2909eda0fe45 · outbound

This paper cites Structural causal models and DAGs Judea Pearl’s work on causal DAGs and structural causal models is quintessential in modern causal inference.

Philip G. Wright, directed acyclic graphs, and instrumental variables Structural causal models and DAGs Judea Pearl’s work on causal DAGs and structural causal models is quintessential in modern causal inference

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:15:42.306208Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation e432c341-0c9b-403e-9955-608dd393fe6e · outbound

This paper cites Proxy Controls and Panel Data.

Philip G. Wright, directed acyclic graphs, and instrumental variables Proxy Controls and Panel Data

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T14:15:42.222570Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.