Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 44 of 44 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.05756.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.05756 v1

Coverage vector

measured 44 of 44 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.280473Z

measured 45 of 45 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-18T06:31:14.019989Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-18T06:32:26.097606Z

Reference resolution

44 of 44 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy20
unresolved23
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 6dbf4139-4219-415b-ab78-8a8ace490038 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.101415Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aa8f3712-c70b-4ac3-a0bf-54b01e068cf9 · outbound

This paper cites Program Synthesis with Large Language Models.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Program Synthesis with Large Language Models

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.106366Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 13de5004-046e-4e3b-ad2e-8db50ae16aab · outbound

This paper cites Reducing bias and inefficiency in the selection algorithm.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Reducing bias and inefficiency in the selection algorithm

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.853220Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation aff27257-bbab-4a7c-b6d8-6f72c8af19be · outbound

This paper cites Language models are few-shot learn- ers.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Language models are few-shot learn- ers

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.115737Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 88682ef9-45bd-4759-8316-501f390cf138 · outbound

This paper cites Algorithmic information theory.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Algorithmic information theory

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.119914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 141b9893-0390-47b3-872c-3f70d2e14669 · outbound

This paper cites Program of Thoughts Prompting: Disentangling Computation from Reasoning for Numerical Reasoning Tasks.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Program of Thoughts Prompting: Disentangling Computation from Reasoning for Numerical Reasoning Tasks

Reference 6

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.123838Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e99e9f8c-5c38-46ff-9cc7-eaf2eeede2d9 · outbound

This paper cites ARC Prize 2024: Technical Report.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms ARC Prize 2024: Technical Report

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.128573Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6d0723b5-0318-4fe9-aafa-146906eef039 · outbound

This paper cites Palm: Scaling language modeling with pathways.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Palm: Scaling language modeling with pathways

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.133252Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation acc751b4-500e-4644-9f32-6214836cd5fb · outbound

This paper cites An analysis of the behavior of a class of genetic adaptive systems.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms An analysis of the behavior of a class of genetic adaptive systems

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.811148Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 8d095403-1c69-4f66-89ee-f1da93fc38b3 · outbound

This paper cites Deap: A python framework for evolutionary algorithms.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Deap: A python framework for evolutionary algorithms

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.797970Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7da27e03-1954-437b-85c3-04e1cdde5d7c · outbound

This paper cites Multi-objective optimisation using evolutionary algorithms: an introduction.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Multi-objective optimisation using evolutionary algorithms: an introduction

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.783863Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b057f213-ca39-4303-89a6-9ad3d2c51aa5 · outbound

This paper cites Introduction to evolutionary computing.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Introduction to evolutionary computing

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.149040Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 578fec53-6f0e-4c40-9adb-dc0f980a551a · outbound

This paper cites Preventing premature convergence in genetic algorithms by preventing incest.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Preventing premature convergence in genetic algorithms by preventing incest

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.756290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 1d3fb31b-9107-4a9e-b091-2efb6613f860 · outbound

This paper cites Genetic algorithms: principles of natural selection applied to computation.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Genetic algorithms: principles of natural selection applied to computation

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.739580Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 1440e712-32e7-4987-9599-003ad3e8a548 · outbound

This paper cites Deap: Evolutionary algorithms made easy.The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 13(1):2171–2175, 2012.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Deap: Evolutionary algorithms made easy.The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 13(1):2171–2175, 2012

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.726050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 83f16571-f266-4dd6-acfb-414e6dcb2971 · outbound

This paper cites InCoder: A Generative Model for Code Infilling and Synthesis.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms InCoder: A Generative Model for Code Infilling and Synthesis

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.164537Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation adb94c28-2aa8-461d-99b5-334ad0f4f23c · outbound

This paper cites Goldberg.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Goldberg

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.713801Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 0ec5fd11-3832-4cb1-b679-a99adab47108 · outbound

This paper cites Inductive programming meets the real world.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Inductive programming meets the real world

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.701772Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation acec083a-9a52-4b88-890a-90c3af2de2d7 · outbound

This paper cites Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.178094Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b761dd1a-4ca3-4fdf-b911-96a20c0abe7a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.687843Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 0276a02b-0445-4a58-a7be-424b86573039 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5-Coder Technical Report.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Qwen2.5-Coder Technical Report

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.186955Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7be1219b-9337-439a-a6b7-7b488ae612b0 · outbound

This paper cites Large language models are zero-shot reasoners.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Large language models are zero-shot reasoners

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.191196Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b4805765-3969-4dff-ba33-380a835840a7 · outbound

This paper cites Genetic programming: On the programming of computers by means of natural selection (complex adaptive systems).

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Genetic programming: On the programming of computers by means of natural selection (complex adaptive systems)

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.665181Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation d2830694-586c-4787-b9c9-887d164d3be1 · outbound

This paper cites Genetic programming and data structures.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Genetic programming and data structures

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.651786Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 90dcd812-2a09-4f7b-910a-dc556890d086 · outbound

This paper cites Pre-trained language models for interactive decision-making.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Pre-trained language models for interactive decision-making

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.638795Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation dfb87e25-29d4-4204-bae0-61c23dda4ed8 · outbound

This paper cites Self-refine: Iterative refinement with self- feedback.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Self-refine: Iterative refinement with self- feedback

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.625573Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation e6299b68-3cc8-43e8-817d-8ae63c9193a4 · outbound

This paper cites Niching methods for genetic algorithms.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Niching methods for genetic algorithms

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.610073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation fb75f0e5-ed3a-4b7e-b69b-3a506fb8f92a · outbound

This paper cites Designing neural networks using genetic algorithms.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Designing neural networks using genetic algorithms

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.597765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 89026441-ac5b-4389-92fe-56476760db99 · outbound

This paper cites An introduction to genetic algorithms.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms An introduction to genetic algorithms

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.218913Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 71276620-f236-4d35-91c3-5a476f1c8613 · outbound

This paper cites CodeGen: An Open Large Language Model for Code with Multi-Turn Program Synthesis.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms CodeGen: An Open Large Language Model for Code with Multi-Turn Program Synthesis

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.222650Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation fa508dd3-6145-4bf0-aa33-2df5dfe4e46b · outbound

This paper cites Genetic set recombination.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Genetic set recombination

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.576018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 5a73f472-6597-44b5-9740-cbf98aecdcbe · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gopher.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gopher

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.230693Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 83a4aab8-2096-4c74-97ec-be7f03884cdc · outbound

This paper cites Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task Generalization.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task Generalization

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.234922Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fb89f651-ca03-4657-8726-49824fa1f2a4 · outbound

This paper cites Distilling free-form natural laws from experimental data.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Distilling free-form natural laws from experimental data

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.239292Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 70634ecb-89a1-4991-8a1e-5e272a9ab836 · outbound

This paper cites Crossover or mutation? In Foundations of genetic algorithms , volume 2, pages 221–237.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Crossover or mutation? In Foundations of genetic algorithms , volume 2, pages 221–237

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.554195Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 02ffaa1a-c18d-4f0c-a4ad-6054642322c5 · outbound

This paper cites LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.248192Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6ec3b910-a2ec-459f-abe6-6826240d7bec · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.251816Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 016bac7d-5d06-4a4e-b2cd-f5bea9b56b17 · outbound

This paper cites The nature of statistical learning theory.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms The nature of statistical learning theory

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.540680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation af1b824e-c89a-4a4c-a88c-af594686b330 · outbound

This paper cites Statistical learning theory.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Statistical learning theory

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.526491Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b3d3db00-e4e8-4dca-8788-de4e6e3c435f · outbound

This paper cites Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.263356Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 14aef01a-1487-4ba7-b5b9-1e3ea4ce369f · outbound

This paper cites Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.267504Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 45cded0c-7617-4d41-8fe0-fcd7e3895c68 · outbound

This paper cites Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Models.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Models

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.271196Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9566331c-770f-4834-af86-596af9edbab9 · outbound

This paper cites Evolving artificial neural networks.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Evolving artificial neural networks

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.507423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation a2c8850a-ffe8-48f5-81ea-8a061ba8d6fe · outbound

This paper cites Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferences.

Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferences

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:00:23.280473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 1f45161c-6a9a-44c4-9f95-df77a5433c76 · inbound

Lark: Biologically Inspired Neuroevolution for Multi-Stakeholder LLM Agents cites this paper.

Lark: Biologically Inspired Neuroevolution for Multi-Stakeholder LLM Agents Evolutionary thoughts: integration of large language models and evolutionary algorithms

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T06:32:26.099927Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.