On transcendental numbers: new results and a little history

Attempting to create a general framework for studying new results on transcendental numbers, this paper begins with a survey on transcendental numbers and transcendence, it then presents several properties of the transcendental numbers $e$ and $\pi$, and then it gives the proofs of new inequalities and identities for transcendental numbers. Also, in relationship with these topics, we study some implications for the theory of the Yang-Baxter equations, and we propose some open problems.