Thick embeddings into the Heisenberg group and coarse wirings into groups with polynomial growth

We bound the volume of thick embeddings of finite graphs into the Heisenberg group, as well as the volume of coarse wirings of finite graphs into groups with polynomial growth. This work follows the work of Kolmogorov-Brazdin, Gromov-Guth and Barret-Hume on thick embeddings of graphs (or complexes) into various spaces. We present here a conjecture of Itai Benjamini that suggest that the lower bound of the volume of thick embeddings of finite graphs into locally finite, non-planar, transitive graphs, obtained by the separation profile, is tight. Let $Y$ be a Cayley graph of a group with polynomial growth, we prove that any finite bounded-degree graph $G$ admits a coarse $C\log(1+|G|)$-wiring into $Y$ with the optimal volume suggested by the conjecture. Additionally, for the concrete case where $Y$ is a Cayley graph of the 3 dimensional discrete Heisenberg group, we prove that any finite bounded-degree graph $G$ admits a $1$-thick embedding into $Y$, with optimal volume up to factor $\log^2(1+|G|)$.