Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 27 of 27 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.21573.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.21573 v1

Coverage vector

measured 27 of 27 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:50.757245Z

measured 27 of 27 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

27 of 27 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy6
unresolved20
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation dc0cb2db-8f68-4bab-800f-ac918f9209fe · outbound

This paper cites Language Models are Few-Shot Learners.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:47.926237Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6e247d4b-e7e9-4634-86d5-c543ac3d2b60 · outbound

This paper cites InstructZero: Efficient Instruction Optimization for Black-Box Large Language Models.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs InstructZero: Efficient Instruction Optimization for Black-Box Large Language Models

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:48.014645Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 103873af-78f7-4a87-a363-34baf6b6ba13 · outbound

This paper cites Chiang, Z.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Chiang, Z

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:53.966908Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b6fff2c1-e871-4286-87bc-4f93ed00dd86 · outbound

This paper cites EvoPrompt: Connecting LLMs with Evolutionary Algorithms Yields Powerful Prompt Optimizers.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs EvoPrompt: Connecting LLMs with Evolutionary Algorithms Yields Powerful Prompt Optimizers

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:48.250832Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3e991975-17a4-4422-9570-7fd82a043ab9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:53.727516Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b16737a1-4f37-457f-8120-0e5b9571f81b · outbound

This paper cites Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:48.570715Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 71108e99-fa7a-46c6-8a6a-0cd267742b4d · outbound

This paper cites When Large Language Model Meets Optimization.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs When Large Language Model Meets Optimization

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:48.731007Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 97c9e20f-f7be-40e4-9a04-e21f2e434867 · outbound

This paper cites Do Models Really Learn to Follow Instructions? An Empirical Study of Instruction Tuning.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Do Models Really Learn to Follow Instructions? An Empirical Study of Instruction Tuning

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:51.060556Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 6a5024f2-cff1-4012-a305-aee0f8a393f2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:53.457411Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 9e98b1d4-55f5-420e-9d12-0b81888c6f29 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:49.123422Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ed238f34-281f-4cab-b124-90f0e967d189 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:53.219100Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation a6e4ee63-cbf0-45ac-9eb9-6d3456d28796 · outbound

This paper cites Prompting Frameworks for Large Language Models: A Survey.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Prompting Frameworks for Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:49.350032Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 25846c6a-707d-42c8-b158-1f18233741c0 · outbound

This paper cites Longpre, L.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Longpre, L

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:52.955079Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 75fc5462-daee-4b95-9fb9-96bb43e9e86b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:52.604514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 83b4d372-d43f-4153-abae-16504016c60b · outbound

This paper cites A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Models.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Models

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:49.665185Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8ee9ad33-e47f-4020-9f5c-2dbe6d5d3773 · outbound

This paper cites Chatgpt, 2023.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Chatgpt, 2023

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:52.358941Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 59deabe1-c743-4ea0-a41d-4d688cadfebb · outbound

This paper cites Pushing the Limits of ChatGPT on NLP Tasks.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Pushing the Limits of ChatGPT on NLP Tasks

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:49.880850Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 23c38671-a2fa-4666-a59e-5bfa502030f1 · outbound

This paper cites Taori, I.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Taori, I

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:52.013351Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 79fb6921-9f80-4d63-8c1d-6529599b764e · outbound

This paper cites Super-NaturalInstructions: Generalization via Declarative Instructions on 1600+ NLP Tasks.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Super-NaturalInstructions: Generalization via Declarative Instructions on 1600+ NLP Tasks

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:50.045743Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 54c8ba41-49dd-4df6-9a28-96d84b64c965 · outbound

This paper cites White, S.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs White, S

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:51.740097Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 0102a98b-5919-4405-8f95-ffc91c3ffa6c · outbound

This paper cites WizardLM: Empowering large pre-trained language models to follow complex instructions.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs WizardLM: Empowering large pre-trained language models to follow complex instructions

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:50.239705Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 54cb2165-e84f-43cb-921b-d9c81cfc1d0c · outbound

This paper cites WaveCoder: Widespread And Versatile Enhancement For Code Large Language Models By Instruction Tuning.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs WaveCoder: Widespread And Versatile Enhancement For Code Large Language Models By Instruction Tuning

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:50.319517Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bb0cee25-0032-4fb0-a71f-b1f1f9de8017 · outbound

This paper cites Zhang, S.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Zhang, S

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:51.583566Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation d7c6fe38-88a2-4d1f-977d-2e17a56fafc4 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Large Language Models.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs A Survey of Large Language Models

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:50.501457Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1fa9b233-cab5-456a-86fe-9f193a976557 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:51.414024Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation a1f93de9-f3f8-4965-aa79-a295327d245f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:51.267247Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 28813d7c-92eb-4f47-8133-dd6d48f0cc55 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models Are Human-Level Prompt Engineers.

Instruction Learning Paradigms: A Dual Perspective on White-box and Black-box LLMs Large Language Models Are Human-Level Prompt Engineers

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:50.757245Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.