Pith. sign in

Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 33 of 33 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2507.13859.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.13859 v1

Coverage vector

measured 33 of 33 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:04.188479Z

measured 33 of 33 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

33 of 33 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy25
  • unresolved6
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch2

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 77aa6ecb-8db9-4413-ba30-e6bc956bad7f · outbound

This paper cites Available at SSRN 5009450.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection Available at SSRN 5009450

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:14.524624Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:18:59.144453Z digest=sha256:4cb27404ec53042beef82ed0d6294d049320f701988fa1291b9c4870e613a1e9

Observation a09af8dc-09b2-497f-9605-e5b58c341962 · outbound

This paper cites Leveraging small language models for Text2SPARQL tasks to improve the resilience of AI assistance.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection Leveraging small language models for Text2SPARQL tasks to improve the resilience of AI assistance

Reference 2

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:05.060390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:18:59.302393Z digest=sha256:a6127c986d0632ac67062d2dccba7231103cae593b28787beecf7aedbd0efea0

Observation 01289c90-d7ef-41ea-b5fe-5e83196de656 · outbound

This paper cites Transactions of the ACL10(2022).

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection Transactions of the ACL10(2022)

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:14.100930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:18:59.516924Z digest=sha256:6acf5816494e443430205894a7f9d3637e168e1b8ac39294b851bac544733a30

Observation 0239471f-b9ac-4356-a31a-7ffeb761a99f · outbound

This paper cites IEEE Access (2024).

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection IEEE Access (2024)

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:13.710986Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:18:59.653443Z digest=sha256:dc3625a2e334ee149d81f07bddab69da999b2e89ffcc0b6829a9d37afe653b46

Observation 1ba065ec-c0c5-4af5-b4ea-ed0b62bb7bff · outbound

This paper cites In: Interna- tional semantic web conference.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection In: Interna- tional semantic web conference

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:13.314845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:18:59.856087Z digest=sha256:1f95c3b75fb6ab4a126476cefe62a1736392f0ff1de0fe500dddcb40fc324f14

Observation 5fa18dbd-0086-49e9-9c17-7855353aebf7 · outbound

This paper cites LLM-based SPARQL Query Generation from Natural Language over Federated Knowledge Graphs.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection LLM-based SPARQL Query Generation from Natural Language over Federated Knowledge Graphs

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:00.043067Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:00.043067Z digest=sha256:e7c88a533bf6f5d7b58e71dbfcfa15ff8ec85a03a34d1e75d3c262bf7aba9472

Observation 05f76729-e56b-4310-b534-4123135b2bf9 · outbound

This paper cites Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)113, 1–15 (2023).

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)113, 1–15 (2023)

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:12.994835Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:00.209389Z digest=sha256:a44b3aeac65bf5ede5f05d8127e3d6eb55207a7d3387649f5ff5203533481a3f

Observation 6597d4ce-22e8-4227-8a6c-81d176b82976 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:00.405814Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:00.405814Z digest=sha256:86a4a1255410aef5e938d3af8e7898ff6491dc157bf8021f532823e5659218da

Observation 9820a2a6-c995-40d1-84c4-2561ba8d3233 · outbound

This paper cites In: The Semantic Web.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection In: The Semantic Web

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:12.615438Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:00.564750Z digest=sha256:0d88229c891bd22cf7d363eb931b467f89aa57e76ab8a0f4101cbd6b6088936d

Observation 43de6b7a-bf7a-4fe0-a1d9-c119e1826c71 · outbound

This paper cites In: SEMANTiCS (Posters & Demos) (2023).

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection In: SEMANTiCS (Posters & Demos) (2023)

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:12.198067Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:00.761649Z digest=sha256:6c86c47f836375890d0fc89401a5300dc33507931ccdbb1e7d5da40fe54fae0b

Observation 896a4f87-52fe-4fc1-8d4a-a685035ab1df · outbound

This paper cites Transactions of the ACL12, 786–802 (2024).

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection Transactions of the ACL12, 786–802 (2024)

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:11.807347Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:00.879029Z digest=sha256:04c16e45373f05d80cebcb9b3ca658bc9e543e33b82db2d572dbc97ca90d3a1c

Observation 674feb92-dfeb-49a8-abc7-b0f1f403b9fb · outbound

This paper cites In: ECAI 2023, pp.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection In: ECAI 2023, pp

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:11.362361Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:01.030970Z digest=sha256:f907574d9dafe3dbfdc2019e134d90604922ec6fbb87f2fdc9d2dca595d30d5f

Observation 3bb32aa5-1a52-427e-a748-ee3d06b45b01 · outbound

This paper cites In: European Semantic Web Conference.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection In: European Semantic Web Conference

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:11.040774Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:01.140477Z digest=sha256:fdf79626c696e0d5f07dd3b29d8bdf84c9d32914e154e6fe9fb7a1050fb45ab0

Observation a86fbb74-2c39-4ae6-99b2-b138b08bce8a · outbound

This paper cites In: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics ACL 2024.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection In: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics ACL 2024

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:10.715595Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:01.263509Z digest=sha256:77cebc0b24e13deacb77f2f5915db77712ab64afcd4a81bf7dafec48821bd8d6

Observation 8eb2d137-ab91-46d2-8b1a-de5d3191ed40 · outbound

This paper cites In: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection In: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:10.319462Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:01.389344Z digest=sha256:4253b4e6aab598059a3fb0fbd85aa02a6c49ec2e5f88d3b3a5127f20d057a9a5

Observation ae2f5420-86f3-484c-9692-828a1bf1b5e0 · outbound

This paper cites In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Generative AI and Knowledge Graphs (GenAIK).

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Generative AI and Knowledge Graphs (GenAIK)

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:09.999947Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:01.511552Z digest=sha256:75309247f201619bba8bb4db9bd54871b4bd122d47b22ba4b48ebefce07514e4

Observation f1854000-860e-4716-80ca-718ae3801da7 · outbound

This paper cites Assessing SPARQL capabilities of Large Language Models.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection Assessing SPARQL capabilities of Large Language Models

Reference 17

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:04.632423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:01.612942Z digest=sha256:1689fa166ad3ce45b89c4870170fd29f669418e783c25496aed49bec05ed256c

Observation 9dac5567-44cb-4318-8255-49226d74e180 · outbound

This paper cites In: 2022 IEEE 16th International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC).

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection In: 2022 IEEE 16th International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC)

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:09.752885Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:01.718848Z digest=sha256:c0869f0b3d06f6df1dccb052523df5791b3c54b4e090c87d4573c4eac9987088

Observation 801885da-b184-4c91-9865-83d9ceda2d71 · outbound

This paper cites In: International Conference on Web Engineering.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection In: International Conference on Web Engineering

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:09.469241Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:01.879054Z digest=sha256:8d6ee6811a6ba6343b2de6b4404be7ca196d46357e4fef9dc1d68356a90163c2

Observation 096259dc-0988-4f05-ab89-6210b93a11b7 · outbound

This paper cites In: International Semantic Web Conference.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection In: International Semantic Web Conference

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:09.205077Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:01.998173Z digest=sha256:657fb86c75cccdfc8cf41c52f5f8601a0145f940e3226d768e029f8a52b49adc

Observation 9b421890-e4de-40d8-bd6b-c54914423f29 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models Meet NLP: A Survey.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection Large Language Models Meet NLP: A Survey

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:02.134995Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:02.134995Z digest=sha256:d614f455c7c332af909158686a31d6340963b6ccfdc577b9bb1fd55899d4df0f

Observation 4123015c-5b1d-4f89-8a91-187619d41bb5 · outbound

This paper cites SWAT4HCLS 2024: The 15th International Conference on Se- mantic Web Applications and Tools for Health Care and Life Sciences (2024).

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection SWAT4HCLS 2024: The 15th International Conference on Se- mantic Web Applications and Tools for Health Care and Life Sciences (2024)

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:08.940023Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:02.365891Z digest=sha256:81fb486336eb444d924c9073848ea66046b39ba400486bbedaf15325d0f31c6d

Observation db422f8c-2548-4081-928e-183141112893 · outbound

This paper cites In: Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection In: Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:08.614815Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:02.502852Z digest=sha256:b16de29b89b3f33a1ed9242e1d7462c5721119d2c2b9f5195e9c7bca5bd8ceb2

Observation 86b20e62-c0ef-40e6-ae9f-bdf6abbccbe4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:08.228747Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:02.658877Z digest=sha256:1350cca2a9c326e57bbda095b58878af892ba04e4d433357be06f801bd2e795d

Observation a4dba723-b513-450b-bc31-609a76224878 · outbound

This paper cites ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE)18(3), 1–29 (2018).

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE)18(3), 1–29 (2018)

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:07.868930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:02.823176Z digest=sha256:ef15dc3b5ddb11e34bd4918f25382da8b6923b3fb2543920d2a1e67e1672f1a7

Observation b50e9df9-2945-4ddd-a376-16b41a810bed · outbound

This paper cites Semantic Web15(6), 2193–2207 (2024).

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection Semantic Web15(6), 2193–2207 (2024)

Reference 26

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:07.570479Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:02.997743Z digest=sha256:2423d9c6389d4e8da2f806d01e71c122f885b38ec3a23ed3df72af24ab7b8606

Observation ab669f5f-754a-4b60-a56f-ec7a96a7687a · outbound

This paper cites Advances in neural information processing systems35, 24824–24837 (2022).

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection Advances in neural information processing systems35, 24824–24837 (2022)

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:03.150946Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:03.150946Z digest=sha256:ad38c491c9d05a40a40635398878898faae9a754286d571e0b21fa5c536fa27c

Observation 5941a354-2305-4aef-86b9-0eeb47fe8a88 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 28

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:03.370019Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:03.370019Z digest=sha256:814d5f6949eba364e541e9661c07038ac82e907d376f6afeca999a91df701d34

Observation 6c95f652-585f-4660-b05c-b78b5e16cf96 · outbound

This paper cites Information12(7), 271 (2021).

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection Information12(7), 271 (2021)

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:07.097968Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:03.510731Z digest=sha256:91027c9d880335ca64227adcb13e5391329e972ef65e1e4bdff9cdc240f3ec07

Observation ff30838d-95ae-482c-af71-c4fff4ef1638 · outbound

This paper cites SEMANTiCS (2024).

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection SEMANTiCS (2024)

Reference 30

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:06.732063Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:03.681366Z digest=sha256:c33ad51cdc654a846fcbfc2f79ec0533ea195ab437f05f9363a8fbbbc7ab5313

Observation 0a070904-d08d-422f-9a91-e48155f9a63f · outbound

This paper cites In: 31st Interna- tional Conference on Computational Linguistics.

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection In: 31st Interna- tional Conference on Computational Linguistics

Reference 31

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:06.342516Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:03.833864Z digest=sha256:ce86ca185d9426372b59cde20f51fcda4289bf60d534c4f5d42158da352a67d5

Observation 0fde46ea-8eac-4936-bc23-a19aa2d49174 · outbound

This paper cites Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems36(2024).

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems36(2024)

Reference 32

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:05.938827Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:04.003599Z digest=sha256:683d7fd28107da49c93ffbd0a5e94387d67232457a488be020a6ee624f1fce9c

Observation 9ef8f405-ef0c-4950-a14d-95a21b041b70 · outbound

This paper cites Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (2024).

SPARQL Query Generation with LLMs: Measuring the Impact of Training Data Memorization and Knowledge Injection Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (2024)

Reference 33

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:19:05.500200Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T16:19:04.188479Z digest=sha256:699d44b98a530ff2eca06ca8c8bb6055742511e6416def676acf007e53ef7478

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.