Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models

As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 52 of 52 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.11729.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.11729 v1

Coverage vector

measured 52 of 52 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.574978Z

measured 52 of 52 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

52 of 52 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy27
unresolved25
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation b261cea4-54a4-45be-bff7-0314554b65a7 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.320708Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 50c5b65f-d0a1-4485-b6cf-e16ddc4869f4 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.326201Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6cc5d531-af77-4729-9438-90a382638443 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.331393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 46dc515c-f739-40c7-a0ad-1f9b62f8f8bb · outbound

This paper cites Attention is all you need.NeurIPS (2017).

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Attention is all you need.NeurIPS (2017)

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.443662Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 0aa999a5-a2c9-4624-9ecf-bdcb4c91f5dd · outbound

This paper cites & Bengio, Y.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models & Bengio, Y

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.427889Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 2f31d39d-b3ce-4bc6-a31f-dc32acf0db0f · outbound

This paper cites A comprehensive survey on applications of transformers for deep learning tasks.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models A comprehensive survey on applications of transformers for deep learning tasks

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.411148Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 12e91b14-f18c-42f1-a92a-a46f5d8e8704 · outbound

This paper cites Generating Long Sequences with Sparse Transformers.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Generating Long Sequences with Sparse Transformers

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.353081Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 62c18ce5-4d86-4d58-9b06-c7d6d6cbfc20 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.394005Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation e0c2c221-e41b-4ee5-b5bb-440b606bb9ef · outbound

This paper cites Long range arena: A benchmark for efficient transformers.ICLR (2021).

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Long range arena: A benchmark for efficient transformers.ICLR (2021)

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.375800Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation e0bf3d1a-634d-43e8-ae20-3e3985d047ef · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.355139Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation bb3ed880-14e0-44b3-bb25-d850b884ad2c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.336090Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 1cfc32b5-e244-4523-9d6c-dfffaa00317f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.320671Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation a5e794ff-efaa-484d-839a-b5dcabba54f8 · outbound

This paper cites Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.383244Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dd38c134-1131-49ad-b256-6a3b5661fd7a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.304140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation ac26c4d4-289a-4fa7-8c95-fdeefcb68388 · outbound

This paper cites & Zohren, S.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models & Zohren, S

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.287922Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 70f1892b-a44c-42b9-ab13-f51725d0a358 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.270932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 674cd29e-3fe8-4072-b17a-ade1c7876460 · outbound

This paper cites & Schutze, H.Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing (MIT Press, 1999).

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models & Schutze, H.Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing (MIT Press, 1999)

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.254637Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 4492c041-6153-48b7-b0d7-87dadf28039e · outbound

This paper cites & Jurafsky, D.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models & Jurafsky, D

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.238109Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation da91ae99-4664-4c39-913e-7128745d88a1 · outbound

This paper cites & Raffel, C.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models & Raffel, C

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.222784Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 00ec5f88-227c-4b48-bacb-71ed94742ea3 · outbound

This paper cites Long-context LLMs Struggle with Long In-context Learning.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Long-context LLMs Struggle with Long In-context Learning

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.417134Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ec638a13-d416-4ea8-ba69-6433ce48c5d0 · outbound

This paper cites Linformer: Self-Attention with Linear Complexity.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Linformer: Self-Attention with Linear Complexity

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.422884Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2eb2bcc2-190f-4d2b-aa48-d5431581d046 · outbound

This paper cites & Levskaya, A.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models & Levskaya, A

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.206887Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 6c1660b2-c7b2-49b0-bf76-e9a1704c4f84 · outbound

This paper cites Y., Ermon, S., Rudra, A.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Y., Ermon, S., Rudra, A

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.191233Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation a2fd2c9b-6cd5-4405-ba68-5a73694477e6 · outbound

This paper cites & Kong, L.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models & Kong, L

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.175662Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 6107fcc0-c2dd-4730-bf50-1a36b1170db6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.158811Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 1be39100-5d61-41f5-81fe-b91c68ef8d35 · outbound

This paper cites Structured state space models for in-context reinforcement learning.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Structured state space models for in-context reinforcement learning

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.143587Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 0938f035-b462-4d56-8b9b-4a48e262b444 · outbound

This paper cites T., Mello, S.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models T., Mello, S

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.127897Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 09349195-3342-4494-987b-8c600dcc6682 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.112299Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation af046fe7-d47b-481e-8525-d1c0c924e892 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.096958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation b37f6a74-028f-4965-b683-2f172e225379 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.080314Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 3cb7dc10-62bf-4266-9a72-d1739f5cc582 · outbound

This paper cites Pointmamba: A simple state space model for point cloud analysis.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Pointmamba: A simple state space model for point cloud analysis

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.064185Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 6544359a-a4a8-480f-b221-a86c17848139 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.047717Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 9600a90c-0556-44d9-bf1a-4593ed9fcf1d · outbound

This paper cites Exploring token pruning in vision state space models.NeurIPS (2024).

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Exploring token pruning in vision state space models.NeurIPS (2024)

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.032202Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 262fd6ff-d41d-46df-9c1d-3701fd10654d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.016817Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 7424c577-6c1f-4819-a248-80337ae83c14 · outbound

This paper cites & xun Zhang, J.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models & xun Zhang, J

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:28.001016Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 6fc472f6-3fce-4692-ba25-acc26529d800 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.985587Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation ca68dadc-1ee9-4b1b-9557-60b125e04052 · outbound

This paper cites On the Parameterization and Initialization of Diagonal State Space Models.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models On the Parameterization and Initialization of Diagonal State Space Models

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.501830Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4dbcb2b6-06df-45e7-a25b-c8774dbb4450 · outbound

This paper cites & Berant, J.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models & Berant, J

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.969516Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 27140e17-4c4e-4a8e-8d73-e573aa842c23 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.954312Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 816eff0c-d6de-4d3f-9cae-bf6c84c6cb1c · outbound

This paper cites & Thomas, J.Elements of Information Theory(Wiley, 2012).

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models & Thomas, J.Elements of Information Theory(Wiley, 2012)

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.939430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 020e3440-5f47-489e-b27d-f0d1635b0c12 · outbound

This paper cites & Friedman, J.The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction, Second Edition(Springer New York, 2009).

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models & Friedman, J.The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction, Second Edition(Springer New York, 2009)

Reference 41

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.924216Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation fbc1b4f6-0010-4973-86ab-09a89ff127b5 · outbound

This paper cites SchNet: A continuous-filter convolutional neural network for modeling quantum interactions.NeurIPS (2017).

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models SchNet: A continuous-filter convolutional neural network for modeling quantum interactions.NeurIPS (2017)

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.909211Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation b39910c9-1351-4bb6-b5d3-5c67535e03f8 · outbound

This paper cites T., Warrington, A.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models T., Warrington, A

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.893432Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation dbbccc0c-b4c7-41f3-9719-3040496a732a · outbound

This paper cites Mega: Moving average equipped gated attention.ICLR (2023).

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Mega: Moving average equipped gated attention.ICLR (2023)

Reference 44

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.875278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation d4c30d2e-4201-4736-85f5-df34d6c7400e · outbound

This paper cites & Yang, Z.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models & Yang, Z

Reference 45

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.857495Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 8d30539d-7080-4db4-9a6f-b0f177ac548f · outbound

This paper cites Sparse modular activation for efficient sequence modeling.NeurIPS (2023).

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Sparse modular activation for efficient sequence modeling.NeurIPS (2023)

Reference 46

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.840794Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation cd0bdf1f-2a1c-40ae-b2b3-8ee86a3b4ece · outbound

This paper cites Pointer Sentinel Mixture Models.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models Pointer Sentinel Mixture Models

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.550931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3647d820-a551-4bd3-a8b7-3ef3423fe858 · outbound

This paper cites The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modeling.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modeling

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.555811Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 43e6a2eb-8f2f-4550-a67d-70de590a7bb3 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Large Language Models.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models A Survey of Large Language Models

Reference 49

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.560307Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e803e1be-7c4e-452b-928f-07a028ce10a8 · outbound

This paper cites & Szegedy, C.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models & Szegedy, C

Reference 50

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.824468Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation b3ad65ca-950b-44de-9af8-5f2ff7423326 · outbound

This paper cites A new algorithm for data compression.The C Users Journal archive (1994).

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models A new algorithm for data compression.The C Users Journal archive (1994)

Reference 51

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.808160Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 30efee02-90c0-4738-b63c-fc554c17e66b · outbound

This paper cites & Sennrich, R.

SeRpEnt: Selective Resampling for Expressive State Space Models & Sennrich, R

Reference 52

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T18:01:27.788744Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.