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Many sets have more sums than differences

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arxiv math/0608131 v3 pith:XTENRWLW submitted 2006-08-04 math.NT math.CO

classification math.NTmath.CO
keywords asymptoticallydifferencedifferencesexpectednumbersumsadditioncommutative
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Since addition is commutative but subtraction is not, the sumset S+S of a finite set S is predisposed to be smaller than the difference set S-S. In this paper, however, we show that each of the three possibilities (|S+S|>|S-S|, |S+S|=|S-S|, |S+S|<|S-S|) occur for a positive proportion of the subsets of {0, 1, ..., n-1}. We also show that the difference |S+S| - |S-S| can take any integer value, and we show that the expected number of omitted differences is asymptotically 6 while the expected number of missing sums is asymptotically 10. Other data and conjectures on the distribution of these quantities are also given.

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    In the infinite dihedral group every integer difference |AA^{-1}| - |A^{-1}A| is achievable while in the free group F_2 only even integers are achievable, with constructions and minimum sizes for nonzero difference de...

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