Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T21:48:15.298430Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 11 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 47 of 47 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.05479.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T21:48:15.298430Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
47 of 47 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 227a7dfb-def8-4114-8713-9a4c058cb0c6 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding A study of generative large language model for medical research and healthcare
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 4368ff83-7056-4454-ae60-851364d4c772 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Large language models in medicine
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 12fe2896-6c5a-4f9a-bb32-810d13647bd1 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Using ChatGPT to write patient clinic letters
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 33168f0e-e676-4597-8a41-cade40136453 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding ChatGPT: the future of discharge summaries? The Lancet Digital Health 2023;5(3):e107–8
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ac84db13-1068-426a-8e7a-ca3ca304a6e9 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Ethics of large language models in medicine and medical research
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation be112e49-07e8-4c9e-ae8d-84dea2d383e7 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Benefits, Limits, and Risks of GPT-4 as an AI Chatbot for Medicine
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation a55a6d2c-27d8-49e2-b21a-904f39f6488e · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Evaluating the Feasibility of ChatGPT in Healthcare: An Analysis of Multiple Clinical and Research Scenarios
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation b707078c-80d7-40c5-bad2-06cfddd00e94 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Key challenges for delivering clinical impact with artificial intelligence
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 7dc0ecac-d5e4-43e4-b8da-30535a6c7985 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding GPT versus Resident Physicians — A Benchmark Based on Official Board Scores
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 3f62c0d6-768a-47d6-9605-581c7be36e23 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-Assisted Medical Education Using Large Language Models [Internet]
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 827485fd-c628-4253-a733-10e82ae73a83 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Large Language Models Are Poor Medical Coders — Benchmarking of Medical Code Querying
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 63a778dc-0447-44c7-b87c-ea65733bcd2a · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding The shaky foundations of large language models and foundation models for electronic health records
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation d69667ea-0cd7-470b-b99e-52db62ffe21a · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding A large language model for electronic health records
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation c8224633-fce2-4599-991b-779c30b5fe2c · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Health system-scale language models are all-purpose prediction engines
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 2b86a4a4-465f-4abb-a746-0414639a81c6 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Scaling Down to Scale Up: A Guide to Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d6828f84-11f2-48a8-aee5-feadd8ce91f6 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Language Models are Few-Shot Learners [Internet]
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 10a2219e-86ae-44bd-bcac-71a0e839bc17 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Potential for GPT Technology to Optimize Future Clinical Decision-Making Using Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 60be5e83-5fc6-4712-9b71-3d72ffe15680 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding BioinspiredLLM: Conversational Large Language Model for the Mechanics of Biological and Bio-Inspired Materials
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 6aa7a931-8abe-4a74-b3b3-eda391940f7d · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Retrieval augmentation of large language models for lay language generation
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 9732d203-0c24-41af-a9d2-b3b1d655a8f0 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Empirical Analysis of the Strengths and Weaknesses of PEFT Techniques for LLMs
Reference 20
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a9210e0d-bcb3-408a-8849-0992e6700c3c · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Few-Shot Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning is Better and Cheaper than In-Context Learning
Reference 21
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f9adac30-2b07-4462-9eb5-2913c9055273 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contexts
Reference 22
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7649f9ff-5be3-46b7-99e4-9b4cdb786eaf · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Towards Medical Billing Automation: NLP for Outpatient Clinician Note Classification [Internet]
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 5813739f-7fd4-499f-ba36-40376b542893 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone
Reference 24
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a95929c0-0d45-4003-8f00-03e22578a2ef · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Introducing Phi-3: Redefining what’s possible with SLMs [Internet]
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 3c86ae21-cf77-458c-8ae3-84da486e3c93 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Link and code: Fast indexing with graphs and compact regression codes
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 25b6327b-7328-4865-af41-b16b614fa701 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Billion-scale similarity search with GPUs
Reference 27
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2ce512b9-0720-45c3-a140-f2c9fc33c718 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks
Reference 28
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b62f2f98-81bc-40ca-8f66-0dc910c960e5 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs
Reference 29
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation db5371fa-8468-44da-b616-f65549aa5bf3 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding FlashAttention-2: Faster Attention with Better Parallelism and Work Partitioning
Reference 30
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e32f619c-6154-4f35-bd4f-448a2881b775 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding ZeRO: Memory Optimizations Toward Training Trillion Parameter Models
Reference 31
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Observation 24ae9a37-3de0-472f-ac5b-de0e4f945a3c · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding ZeRO-Offload: Democratizing Billion-Scale Model Training
Reference 32
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3ef9ad6c-2754-4681-bc46-3eb659514fe6 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding ZeRO-Infinity: Breaking the GPU Memory Wall for Extreme Scale Deep Learning
Reference 33
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 67cc0b49-e108-46cf-abd8-8594f6ba3840 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding A Thorough Examination of Decoding Methods in the Era of LLMs
Reference 34
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 00479d15-7a70-4df7-be8a-ff4fa07b6b98 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Diagnosis code assignment: models and evaluation metrics
Reference 35
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 52e5384a-88da-4351-9806-c022a67e50a8 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding 3M Inside Angle
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 6c4f54c2-6ab8-4f8d-bcd0-663371072532 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding ROUGE: A Package for Automatic Evaluation of Summaries [Internet]
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation e6911924-3abc-46d9-aeaa-9e490655be1f · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding METEOR: An Automatic Metric for MT Evaluation with Improved Correlation with Human Judgments [Internet]
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 87bafd3e-b83b-4e5c-9071-c547b74ffe14 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Development, Deployment, and Implementation of a Machine Learning Surgical Case Length Prediction Model and Prospective Evaluation
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 282d26bf-b311-4162-8518-d9c6f99bd12b · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Automated clinical coding: what, why, and where we are? NPJ Digit Med 2022;5(1):159
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation e7d46323-235b-4d5c-bcea-dccca301c308 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding A systematic literature review of automated clinical coding and classification systems
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation f3217b3c-c415-42a4-a557-d67756e69ce1 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding 3M Inside Angle
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 47d2d64c-3514-4b24-b082-9c3e7df905d7 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Read, Attend, and Code: Pushing the Limits of Medical Codes Prediction from Clinical Notes by Machines
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
Observation 25f98660-5016-457f-8034-45fe026c380b · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Injecting New Knowledge into Large Language Models via Supervised Fine-Tuning
Reference 44
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5bbcff7e-ec8d-43f5-944b-b27924d41e70 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning Methods for Pretrained Language Models: A Critical Review and Assessment
Reference 45
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 57344f02-e239-491a-b3fc-86c4ce2f09cb · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttention
Reference 46
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c5383540-d865-4334-bdad-77b20cb537d2 · outbound
Practical Design and Benchmarking of Generative AI Applications for Surgical Billing and Coding Journal of AHIMA
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.