Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 38 of 38 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2607.09771.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2607.09771 v1

Coverage vector

measured 38 of 38 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

measured 38 of 38 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

38 of 38 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved38
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation b3687f4d-dc20-4393-bebc-6635963043c3 · outbound

This paper cites How Deep Do Large Language Models Internalize Scientific Literature and Citation Practices?.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources How Deep Do Large Language Models Internalize Scientific Literature and Citation Practices?

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eb4b0b6f-707d-44cc-9429-8ac342c20c81 · outbound

This paper cites Large language models reflect human citation patterns with a heightened citation bias.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Large language models reflect human citation patterns with a heightened citation bias

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 59131321-e80d-4727-b571-028ee65ef839 · outbound

This paper cites Emergence of scaling in random networks.Science, 286(5439):509– 512, 1999.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Emergence of scaling in random networks.Science, 286(5439):509– 512, 1999

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0c6cb5cd-1c29-41d5-b15c-53dc929e3a95 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 535b198b-cf9f-4155-a1cb-979b459ef108 · outbound

This paper cites The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual web search engine.Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 30(1):107–117, 1998.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual web search engine.Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 30(1):107–117, 1998

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 635c5d2f-90ac-404b-a7fe-af273f827fb6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bd99c497-21ff-481d-8757-2afaad9488e4 · outbound

This paper cites Crossref REST API.https://www.crossref.org, 2025.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Crossref REST API.https://www.crossref.org, 2025

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1307f93a-fdbf-4858-922f-5b68371ab095 · outbound

This paper cites Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in llms via reinforcement learning, 2025.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in llms via reinforcement learning, 2025

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a799c589-a0f3-455b-82f0-f3693926a656 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0f371496-1aab-4144-a5b2-1e7f204c438e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ee02bea1-40ca-45f9-bfa3-f112c2c697f0 · outbound

This paper cites The distribution of the flora in the alpine zone.New Phytol., 11(2):37–50, 1912.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources The distribution of the flora in the alpine zone.New Phytol., 11(2):37–50, 1912

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 64a52aac-d05c-4412-9ffa-41af9be45773 · outbound

This paper cites AnyStyle: Parser for bibliographic references.https://anystyle.io, 2025.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources AnyStyle: Parser for bibliographic references.https://anystyle.io, 2025

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d52ede63-d782-4062-844e-39687a0d191b · outbound

This paper cites Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 34c3ef38-f42e-4d84-8313-5a21b3c1fc09 · outbound

This paper cites Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 10f81137-18c4-43b5-a2d7-ed71fe5339b2 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluation of large language model performance and reliability for citations and references in scholarly writing: Cross-disciplinary study.J.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Evaluation of large language model performance and reliability for citations and references in scholarly writing: Cross-disciplinary study.J

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b999d18a-c44e-420c-bbd4-bf391c5a0bf2 · outbound

This paper cites Optimal large language models to screen citations for systematic reviews.Res.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Optimal large language models to screen citations for systematic reviews.Res

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 793715ad-40ca-4586-98c1-103f8614cc17 · outbound

This paper cites Pan, Alexander M.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Pan, Alexander M

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f2d79e06-4a55-4709-b878-79b4ec2beb98 · outbound

This paper cites Dynamical and correlation properties of the internet.Phys.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Dynamical and correlation properties of the internet.Phys

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d6247fae-7660-4f9b-8f2f-6cf0e1798f6f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4d6e9ea5-d993-47dc-a3a3-5f44943ac905 · outbound

This paper cites Petersen, Raj K.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Petersen, Raj K

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f66eaa65-8ff3-4fff-a349-8c264b050202 · outbound

This paper cites Citeme: Can language models accurately cite scientific claims? In A.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Citeme: Can language models accurately cite scientific claims? In A

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9c949015-7e56-451d-8311-82c0c70ce0f9 · outbound

This paper cites A general theory of bibliometric and other cumulative advantage processes.J.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources A general theory of bibliometric and other cumulative advantage processes.J

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation df74dfa4-9104-429c-8b3f-919dd6caf07a · outbound

This paper cites Universality of citation distributions: Toward an objective measure of scientific impact.Proc.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Universality of citation distributions: Toward an objective measure of scientific impact.Proc

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c469f645-5170-4ca2-82fc-3cb2941b951b · outbound

This paper cites Hierarchical organization in complex networks.Phys.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Hierarchical organization in complex networks.Phys

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c3511e29-ef79-4783-954a-6d2a871187db · outbound

This paper cites unarXive: A Large Scholarly Data Set with Publications’ Full-Text, Annotated In-Text Citations, and Links to Metadata.Scientometrics, 125(3):3085–3108, December 2020.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources unarXive: A Large Scholarly Data Set with Publications’ Full-Text, Annotated In-Text Citations, and Links to Metadata.Scientometrics, 125(3):3085–3108, December 2020

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0a8be2ed-4edd-4d00-83ee-db7d11a4c3de · outbound

This paper cites Silva, Aiiad Albeshri, Vijey Thayananthan, Wadee Alhalabi, and Santo Fortunato.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Silva, Aiiad Albeshri, Vijey Thayananthan, Wadee Alhalabi, and Santo Fortunato

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b5c52c53-b0f5-402d-8b52-dbf46df1ed00 · outbound

This paper cites The proof and measurement of association between two things.The American Journal of Psychology, 15(1):72–101, 1904.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources The proof and measurement of association between two things.The American Journal of Psychology, 15(1):72–101, 1904

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d73c8932-84ce-459b-8d53-f5bc05a90104 · outbound

This paper cites Attention is all you need.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Attention is all you need

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2cb7d685-c824-41e1-bddc-d81564687d12 · outbound

This paper cites Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’networks.Nature, 393(6684):440– 442, 1998.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’networks.Nature, 393(6684):440– 442, 1998

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 69a73b7d-e91c-4718-b58c-3b12f8158b7a · outbound

This paper cites When Large Language Models Meet Citation: A Survey.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources When Large Language Models Meet Citation: A Survey

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 34858b17-cacf-48cb-a35b-d69e84f0f967 · outbound

This paper cites ERDF A way of making Europe.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources ERDF A way of making Europe

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f2d13e5c-751e-4bcf-813f-aaf9469467b6 · outbound

This paper cites Given article.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Given article

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation de469238-a0fb-408f-b027-7b109a68af17 · outbound

This paper cites 1", "3",.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources 1", "3",

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4ccb55e3-fdbd-4d04-bbae-30f364a4b655 · outbound

This paper cites {category_name}.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources {category_name}

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3b258812-418a-47fa-8d1b-05d7d4077200 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3956aa38-5909-4dcd-b1fc-e353ad34977e · outbound

This paper cites refs", and.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources refs", and

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1b8696c2-a51c-4fae-9411-b607df68a753 · outbound

This paper cites refs" List:** Identify the list of reference numbers under a header similar to.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources refs" List:** Identify the list of reference numbers under a header similar to

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e16e2ef2-2b98-4602-85b0-8beb6f6b3726 · outbound

This paper cites reasons" List:** Identify the detailed reasons provided under a header similar to.

The backbone of science: analysis of citation networks between papers and their sources reasons" List:** Identify the detailed reasons provided under a header similar to

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T16:03:26.221112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.