SUSHI: Sparsity-based Ultrasound Super-resolution Hemodynamic Imaging

Identifying and visualizing vasculature within organs and tumors has major implications in managing cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound scans detect slow-flowing blood, facilitating non-invasive perfusion measurements. However, their limited spatial resolution prevents the depiction of microvascular structures. Recently, super-localization ultrasonography techniques have surpassed this limit. However, they require long acquisition times of several minutes, preventing the detection of hemodynamic changes. We present a fast super-resolution method that exploits sparsity in the underlying vasculature and statistical independence within the measured signals. Similar to super-localization techniques, this approach improves the spatial resolution by up to an order of magnitude compared to standard scans. Unlike super-localization methods, it requires acquisition times of only tens of milliseconds. We demonstrate a temporal resolution of 25Hz, which may enable functional super-resolution imaging deep within the tissue, surpassing the temporal resolution limitations of current super-resolution methods, e.g. in neural imaging. The sub-second acquisitions make our approach robust to motion artifacts, simplifying in-vivo use of super-resolution ultrasound.