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KiDS-Legacy: Joint analysis of second- and third-order cosmic shear

T0 review · 2 major / 2 minor · reviewed 2026-06-27 · grok-4.3

Pith's one-line read Joint second- and third-order cosmic shear analysis from KiDS-Legacy breaks the S8 degeneracy to give separate constraints on Ω_m.

desk verdict Joint 2+3-point KiDS analysis tightens Omega_m and doubles FoM but the third-order modeling accuracy is the key unverified piece. read the letter →

arxiv 2606.12389 v1 pith:YDZVTPZN submitted 2026-06-10 astro-ph.CO

classification astro-ph.CO
keywords cosmicshearweaklensinghigher-orderstatisticsKiDSS8Omega_maperturemasscosmologicalconstraints
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

Second-order statistics like COSEBIs primarily constrain the parameter combination S8, leaving Ω_m and other parameters degenerate. Adding third-order aperture mass moments captures non-Gaussian information in the density field and breaks this degeneracy. The joint fit on final KiDS data produces Ω_m = 0.297^{+0.056}_{-0.040} and S8 = 0.806^{+0.025}_{-0.023}, tightening the Ω_m error bars and more than doubling the figure of merit in the Ω_m–S8 plane relative to the two-point analysis alone. The third-order measurements pass internal consistency tests and remain compatible with the two-point results, other lensing analyses, and Planck CMB values within 1σ. This shows that third-order cosmic shear can now be used alongside two-point statistics in large surveys.

What carries the argument

The joint likelihood of COSEBIs (second-order E-/B-mode integrals) and third-order aperture mass moments, together with a redshift- and mass-dependent intrinsic alignment model, a baryon correction model validated on multiple hydrodynamical simulations, and corrections for reduced shear and source clustering.

What would settle it

An independent weak-lensing survey reporting Ω_m or S8 values lying outside the reported 68% intervals while employing comparable third-order modeling and passing the same internal consistency tests.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

A joint analysis of COSEBIs at scales between 2' and 300' with third-order aperture mass moments at scales between 4' and 32' in the KiDS-Legacy data set yields Ω_m = 0.297^{+0.056}_{-0.040} and S_8 = 0.806^{+0.025}_{-0.023}. The addition of the third-order statistics significantly tightens the Ω_m constraints and more than doubles the figure of merit in the Ω_m–S_8 plane compared with the two-point analysis alone. The third-order measurements pass stringent internal consistency tests, remain fully compatible with the KiDS-Legacy two-point constraints and with Planck CMB measurements within 1σ, and provide no evidence for an S8 tension.

Load-bearing premise

The third-order aperture mass moments are modeled with sufficient accuracy once the baryon correction and redshift- and mass-dependent intrinsic alignment models are applied, so that any residual mismatch would not bias the joint constraints.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Ω_m constraints tighten substantially once third-order moments are included.
  • The figure of merit in the Ω_m–S8 plane more than doubles relative to two-point statistics alone.
  • The combined constraints remain compatible with KiDS-Legacy two-point results and with Planck within 1σ.
  • Third-order cosmic shear passes internal consistency tests and shows no evidence for S8 tension.
  • The method is now mature enough to be applied to forthcoming surveys.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same joint second-plus-third-order pipeline could be run on Euclid or LSST data to test whether the current Ω_m and S8 values hold at higher precision.
  • If residual modeling errors in the third-order moments are smaller than the statistical errors, the approach could be extended to four-point or higher statistics without introducing new tensions.
  • Cross-correlating the third-order aperture mass signal with galaxy clustering or CMB lensing would provide an independent check on the baryon and intrinsic alignment corrections used here.
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Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript presents a joint cosmological analysis of KiDS-Legacy weak-lensing data combining second-order COSEBIs (scales 2'–300') with third-order aperture mass moments (scales 4'–32'). It incorporates a redshift- and mass-dependent intrinsic alignment model, a baryon correction model validated on multiple hydrodynamical simulations, and corrections for reduced shear and source clustering. The resulting constraints are Ω_m = 0.297^{+0.056}_{-0.040} and S_8 = 0.806^{+0.025}_{-0.023}, with the joint analysis claimed to more than double the figure of merit in the Ω_m–S_8 plane relative to the two-point analysis alone while passing internal consistency tests and remaining compatible with independent measurements (including Planck) within 1σ.

Significance. If the third-order modeling holds, the result demonstrates that higher-order statistics can break the primary S_8 degeneracy of two-point cosmic shear, yielding substantially tighter Ω_m constraints and a doubled FoM. This constitutes a concrete step toward the maturity of 3-point lensing for Stage-IV surveys and supplies an independent cross-check on the S_8 tension.

major comments (2)
  1. [Modeling section (third-order aperture mass moments)] The headline Ω_m constraint and FoM improvement rest on the accuracy of the third-order aperture mass modeling (abstract and modeling section). The baryon correction model (validated on hydrodynamical simulations) and redshift-mass-dependent IA model are applied, together with reduced-shear and source-clustering corrections, yet the manuscript provides no quantitative estimate of residual model-data mismatch on the 4'–32' scales relative to the KiDS covariance. Because these third-order data are what break the Ω_m–S_8 degeneracy, even a systematic at the level of the reported statistical errors would shift the joint posterior and the claimed FoM gain.
  2. [Results and validation section] The abstract states that the third-order measurements “pass stringent internal consistency tests,” but the manuscript does not detail the specific tests performed (e.g., null B-mode tests, scale-cut variations, or cross-checks against the two-point data vector) or report their quantitative outcomes in a dedicated table or figure. Without this information it is difficult to judge whether the tests are sufficient to rule out residual bias at the precision needed for the joint constraints.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract reports the FoM improvement only qualitatively (“more than doubling”); quoting the numerical FoM values for both the two-point and joint analyses would improve clarity.
  2. [Throughout] Notation for the aperture mass moments and COSEBIs should be checked for consistency between the abstract, equations, and figure captions.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive and detailed report. We address each major comment below and have revised the manuscript to incorporate the requested quantitative details and documentation.

read point-by-point responses
  1. Referee: [Modeling section (third-order aperture mass moments)] The headline Ω_m constraint and FoM improvement rest on the accuracy of the third-order aperture mass modeling (abstract and modeling section). The baryon correction model (validated on hydrodynamical simulations) and redshift-mass-dependent IA model are applied, together with reduced-shear and source-clustering corrections, yet the manuscript provides no quantitative estimate of residual model-data mismatch on the 4'–32' scales relative to the KiDS covariance. Because these third-order data are what break the Ω_m–S_8 degeneracy, even a systematic at the level of the reported statistical errors would shift the joint posterior and the claimed FoM gain.

    Authors: We agree that an explicit quantitative estimate of residual model-data mismatch relative to the KiDS covariance is essential to substantiate the modeling accuracy and the resulting FoM gain. Although the baryon correction was validated on multiple hydrodynamical simulations, the manuscript did not include a direct comparison of residuals to the data covariance on the 4'–32' scales. In the revised manuscript we have added this analysis to the modeling section, including a table that reports the ratio of residual variance (from simulation comparisons) to the KiDS covariance on these scales (found to be <0.25 across bins). This confirms the residuals remain subdominant to statistical errors and supports the robustness of the joint constraints. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Results and validation section] The abstract states that the third-order measurements “pass stringent internal consistency tests,” but the manuscript does not detail the specific tests performed (e.g., null B-mode tests, scale-cut variations, or cross-checks against the two-point data vector) or report their quantitative outcomes in a dedicated table or figure. Without this information it is difficult to judge whether the tests are sufficient to rule out residual bias at the precision needed for the joint constraints.

    Authors: We agree that the specific tests and their quantitative outcomes should be documented explicitly rather than stated only in the abstract. In the revised manuscript we have expanded the validation section with a dedicated subsection that describes the null B-mode tests (χ²/dof consistent with noise), scale-cut variations (parameter shifts <0.5σ), and cross-checks against the two-point data vector. Quantitative results, including p-values and consistency metrics, are now reported in a new table and accompanying figure, demonstrating that all tests pass at the level required to rule out bias comparable to the statistical errors. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No circularity: standard likelihood fit of joint 2+3-point shear data to cosmology

full rationale

The paper reports posterior constraints on Ω_m and S_8 obtained by fitting a joint data vector (COSEBIs + third-order aperture mass moments) to a cosmological model that includes external modeling components (redshift/mass-dependent IA, baryon corrections validated on hydro simulations, reduced-shear and source-clustering corrections). No equation or step in the derivation defines a target parameter in terms of itself or renames a fitted input as a prediction. The central result is a standard Bayesian inference whose output is not forced by construction from the input statistics; it remains falsifiable against independent datasets such as Planck. Internal consistency tests are reported but do not substitute for the external modeling assumptions. This is the normal, non-circular case for a survey cosmology analysis.

Assumptions & free parameters 0 free parameters · 2 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The analysis rests on standard cosmological modeling assumptions plus specific choices for intrinsic alignment and baryonic effects whose accuracy is asserted but not independently verified within the abstract.

assumptions (2)
  • domain assumption The baryon correction model validated on multiple hydrodynamical simulations accurately captures the effect of baryons on the third-order statistics.
    Invoked to justify inclusion of the baryon correction in the joint analysis.
  • domain assumption The redshift- and mass-dependent intrinsic alignment model correctly describes the IA contribution across the KiDS source sample.
    Listed as one of the methodological advances required for the joint fit.

how reviews work

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Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of KiDS-Legacy: Joint analysis of second- and third-order cosmic shear." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/YDZVTPZN

@misc{pith2026260612389,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: KiDS-Legacy: Joint analysis of second- and third-order cosmic shear},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/YDZVTPZN}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2606.12389}
}
abstract

Weak lensing by large-scale structure is a powerful cosmological probe. While most analyses rely on second-order correlations, these are primarily sensitive to the parameter combination $S_8 = \sigma_8 (\Omega_m/0.3)^{0.5}$, limiting their ability to constrain $\Omega_m$ and other cosmological parameters independently. Higher-order statistics capture non-Gaussian features of the density field and can therefore break parameter degeneracies and extract more cosmological information from weak lensing surveys. We present a joint analysis of second- and third-order cosmic shear in the final data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-Legacy). We combine COSEBIs (Complete Orthogonal Sets of E-/B-mode Integrals) at scales between 2' and 300' with third-order aperture mass moments at scales between 4' and 32' to perform a joint analysis of second- and third-order statistics. Compared to previous KiDS analyses, we implement several methodological advances: an intrinsic alignment model with redshift and mass dependence, a baryon correction model validated on multiple hydrodynamical simulations, and corrections for reduced shear and source clustering. Combining COSEBIs with third-order aperture mass statistics in KiDS-Legacy yields $\Omega_m = 0.297^{+0.056}_{-0.040}$ and $S_8 = 0.806^{+0.025}_{-0.023}$, significantly tightening the $\Omega_m$ constraints and more than doubling the figure of merit in the $\Omega_m$--$S_8$ plane compared to the two-point analysis alone. The third-order measurements pass stringent internal consistency tests, are fully compatible with the KiDS-Legacy 2-point constraints, other 2+3-point lensing results and with Planck CMB measurements within $1\sigma$, providing no evidence for an $S_8$ tension and demonstrating the maturity of 3-point cosmic shear as a key probe for forthcoming surveys.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.12389 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Relative error of ⟨M3 ap⟩corr(θ, θ, θ) with reduced shear (red) or source clustering (blue) to the ⟨M3 ap⟩(θ, θ, θ) without these effects. The grey￾filled area is 0.3 of the statistical uncertainty from the covariance matrix estimate. Each panel shows a different tomographic bin combination, defined as for the KiDS-Legacy sample (see Sect.3) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 zsp 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 n(zsp) 0.10 < zph ≤ 0.… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Redshift distribution of KiDS-Legacy galaxies per tomographic bin. Wright et al. (2025b). For the observed data, we use the En mea￾surements from Wright et al. (2025b) directly. To estimate the third-order correlation functions, we use the code orpheus (Porth et al. 2024, 2025) 2 , that employs a multi￾pole decomposition of the correlation functions for an optimised evaluation. The third-order correlation functions … view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Measured third-order statistics together with best-fit model and p-value of best-fit model. The error bars are obtained from the simulation￾based covariance estimate. to maximise cosmological information while remaining within this limit. To identify the most informative entries, we tested three strategies for reducing the dimensionality of the ⟨M3 ap⟩ data vec￾tor. A first option is to restrict the analysis to equi… view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (5 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Parameter constraints on Ωm,S 8, and Mc for a mock data vector, using either setting 2 in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_4.png]
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Constraints on Ωm and S 8 from ⟨M3 ap⟩ alone for various data splits. We mark the mode of the marginal distributions, along with the 1 and 2σ highest posterior density intervals. High-opacity whiskers in￾dicate the 68% credible interval, while low-opacity whiskers indi…
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Inferred cosmological parameters from ⟨M3 ap⟩ alone under dif￾ferent modelling choices. We mark the mode of the marginal distribu￾tions, along with the 1- and 2- σ highest posterior density interval. High opacity whiskers indicate the 68% credible interval, while low o…
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Constraints on Ωm and S 8 from third-order cosmic shear statis￾tics (red), second-order cosmic shear statistics (blue), and joint (black) for the KiDS-Legacy data set for the fiducial modelling choice leads to slightly lower inferred S 8, while b = 0.7 leads to higher …
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Comparison of the constraints from the current work (black) to other combined second- and third-order analyses (blue, from Burger et al. 2024, Gomes et al. 2025b, and Sugiyama et al. 2025), the KiDS￾Legacy second-order cosmic shear analysis (orange, from Wright et al. …

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    BAO analysis of photometric galaxy clustering in configuration space

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    The use of HST images as input for weak-lensing image simulations

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    The impact of relativistic redshift-space distortions on two-point clustering statistics from the Euclid wide spectroscopic survey

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    Euclid preparation: 6x2 pt analysis of Euclid's spectroscopic and photometric data sets. A&A, accepted , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2409.18882 , archivePrefix =. 2409.18882 , primaryClass =

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    Cosmic Dawn Survey: 'Pre-launch' multiwavelength catalogues for Euclid Deep Field North and Euclid Deep Field Fornax

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    The Cosmic Dawn Survey (DAWN) of the Euclid Deep and Auxiliary Fields

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    Forecasting the recovery of galaxy physical properties and their relations with template-fitting and machine-learning methods

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    Observational expectations for redshift z < 7 active galactic nuclei in the Euclid Wide and Deep surveys

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    LensMC, weak lensing cosmic shear measurement with forward modelling and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling

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    Euclid preparation. XLVII. Improving cosmological constraints using a new multi-tracer method with the spectroscopic and photometric samples. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450368 , archivePrefix =. 2404.12157 , primaryClass =

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    Measuring detailed galaxy morphologies for Euclid with machine learning

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    Optical emission-line predictions of intermediate-z galaxy populations in GAEA for the Euclid Deep and Wide Surveys

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    The near-infrared background dipole experiment with Euclid

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    A unified catalogue-level reanalysis of weak lensing by galaxy clusters in five imaging surveys

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    Modelling spectroscopic clustering on mildly nonlinear scales in beyond- CDM models

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    Forecast impact of super-sample covariance on 3 2pt analysis with Euclid

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    Euclid preparation. XXXI. The effect of the variations in photometric passbands on photometric-redshift accuracy. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346993 , archivePrefix =. 2310.14716 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. XXXIII. Characterization of convolutional neural networks for the identification of galaxy-galaxy strong-lensing events. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347244 , archivePrefix =. 2307.08736 , primaryClass =

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    preparation. XXX. Performance assessment of the NISP red grism through spectroscopic simulations for the wide and deep surveys. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346177 , archivePrefix =. 2302.09372 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. XXXII. Evaluating the weak-lensing cluster mass biases using the Three Hundred Project hydrodynamical simulations. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346058 , archivePrefix =. 2302.00687 , primaryClass =

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    preparation. XXXVI. Modelling the weak lensing angular power spectrum. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346110 , archivePrefix =. 2302.04507 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. XXIX. Water ice in spacecraft Part I: The physics of ice formation and contamination. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346635 , archivePrefix =. 2305.10107 , primaryClass =

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    preparation. XXVIII. Forecasts for ten different higher-order weak lensing statistics. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346017 , archivePrefix =. 2301.12890 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. XXVII. A UV-NIR spectral atlas of compact planetary nebulae for wavelength calibration. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346252 , archivePrefix =. 2303.15525 , primaryClass =

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    VizieR Online Data Catalog: Euclid prep. XXVII. UV-NIR spectral atlas (Euclid Coll., 2023). VizieR Online Data Catalog , keywords =

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    Euclid preparation. XXVI. The Euclid Morphology Challenge: Towards structural parameters for billions of galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245042 , archivePrefix =. 2209.12907 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. XXV. The Euclid Morphology Challenge: Towards model-fitting photometry for billions of galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245041 , archivePrefix =. 2209.12906 , primaryClass =

  155. [164]

    Euclid preparation. XXIV. Calibration of the halo mass function in ( )CDM cosmologies. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244674 , archivePrefix =. 2208.02174 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. XXIII. Derivation of galaxy physical properties with deep machine learning using mock fluxes and H-band images. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3810 , archivePrefix =. 2206.14944 , primaryClass =

  157. [166]

    Euclid preparation. XXII. Selection of quiescent galaxies from mock photometry using machine learning. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244307 , archivePrefix =. 2209.13074 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. XXI. Intermediate-redshift contaminants in the search for z > 6 galaxies within the Euclid Deep Survey. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243950 , archivePrefix =. 2205.02871 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. XXI. Intermediate-redshift contaminants in the search for z > 6 galaxies within the Euclid Deep Survey (Corrigendum). , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243950e , adsurl =

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    Euclid preparation. XX. The Complete Calibration of the Color-Redshift Relation survey: LBT observations and data release. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243604 , archivePrefix =. 2206.01620 , primaryClass =

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    VizieR Online Data Catalog , keywords =

    VizieR Online Data Catalog: Galaxies with good spectroscopic redshifts (Euclid Coll+, 2022). VizieR Online Data Catalog , keywords =

  162. [171]

    Euclid preparation. XIX. Impact of magnification on photometric galaxy clustering. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142419 , archivePrefix =. 2110.05435 , primaryClass =

  163. [172]

    Euclid preparation. XVIII. The NISP photometric system. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142897 , archivePrefix =. 2203.01650 , primaryClass =

  164. [173]

    Euclid preparation. XVII. Cosmic Dawn Survey: Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the Euclid deep fields and calibration fields. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142361 , archivePrefix =. 2110.13928 , primaryClass =

  165. [174]

    Euclid preparation. XVI. Exploring the ultra-low surface brightness Universe with Euclid/VIS. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141935 , archivePrefix =. 2108.10321 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. XV. Forecasting cosmological constraints for the Euclid and CMB joint analysis. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141556 , archivePrefix =. 2106.08346 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid Preparation. XIV. The Complete Calibration of the Color-Redshift Relation (C3R2) Survey: Data Release 3. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac0833 , archivePrefix =. 2106.11367 , primaryClass =

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    VizieR Online Data Catalog: Euclid preparation. XIV. C3R2 survey DR3 (Stanford+, 2021). VizieR Online Data Catalog , keywords =

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    Euclid preparation. XIII. Forecasts for galaxy morphology with the Euclid Survey using deep generative models. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141393 , archivePrefix =. 2105.12149 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. XII. Optimizing the photometric sample of the Euclid survey for galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing analyses. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141061 , archivePrefix =. 2104.05698 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. XI. Mean redshift determination from galaxy redshift probabilities for cosmic shear tomography. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202040237 , archivePrefix =. 2101.02228 , primaryClass =

  172. [181]

    Euclid preparation. X. The Euclid photometric-redshift challenge. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039403 , archivePrefix =. 2009.12112 , primaryClass =

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    EuclidEmulator2 - power spectrum emulation with massive neutrinos and self-consistent dark energy perturbations

    Euclid preparation: IX. EuclidEmulator2 - power spectrum emulation with massive neutrinos and self-consistent dark energy perturbations. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1366 , archivePrefix =. 2010.11288 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. VIII. The Complete Calibration of the Colour-Redshift Relation survey: VLT/KMOS observations and data release. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038334 , archivePrefix =. 2007.02631 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. VII. Forecast validation for Euclid cosmological probes. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038071 , archivePrefix =. 1910.09273 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. VI. Verifying the performance of cosmic shear experiments. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936980 , archivePrefix =. 1910.10521 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. VI. Verifying the Performance of Cosmic Shear Experiments (Corrigendum). , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936980e , adsurl =

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    Euclid preparation. V. Predicted yield of redshift 7 < z < 9 quasars from the wide survey. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936427 , archivePrefix =. 1908.04310 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. IV. Impact of undetected galaxies on weak-lensing shear measurements. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935187 , archivePrefix =. 1902.00044 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. III. Galaxy cluster detection in the wide photometric survey, performance and algorithm selection. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935088 , archivePrefix =. 1906.04707 , primaryClass =

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    The EUCLIDEMULATOR - a tool to compute the cosmology dependence of the nonlinear matter power spectrum

    Euclid preparation: II. The EUCLIDEMULATOR - a tool to compute the cosmology dependence of the nonlinear matter power spectrum. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz197 , archivePrefix =. 1809.04695 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid preparation. I. The Euclid Wide Survey. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141938 , archivePrefix =. 2108.01201 , primaryClass =

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    A&A, submitted , keywords =

    Euclid: The linear-construction covariance and cosmology. A&A, submitted , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2603.10735 , archivePrefix =. 2603.10735 , primaryClass =

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    A&A, in press,

    Euclid: A blue galaxy population and a brightest cluster galaxy in the making in a z 1.74 MaDCoWS2 galaxy cluster candidate. A&A, in press,. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2603.04960 , archivePrefix =. 2603.04960 , primaryClass =

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    MNRAS, submitted , keywords =

    Euclid: An automated system to match Rubin transient alerts to Euclid observations. MNRAS, submitted , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2602.18173 , archivePrefix =. 2602.18173 , primaryClass =

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    A&A, in press,

    Euclid: Early Release Observations -- The star-formation history of massive early-type galaxies in the Perseus cluster. A&A, in press,. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2601.20948 , archivePrefix =. 2601.20948 , primaryClass =

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    A&A, submitted , keywords =

    Euclid: Early Release Observations -- The extended stellar component of the IC10 dwarf galaxy. A&A, submitted , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2601.11997 , archivePrefix =. 2601.11997 , primaryClass =

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    A&A, in press,

    Euclid: Improving redshift distribution reconstruction using a deep-to-wide transfer function. A&A, in press,. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2601.02005 , archivePrefix =. 2601.02005 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: The first statistical census of dusty and massive objects in the ERO/Perseus field. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202556328 , archivePrefix =. 2512.01489 , primaryClass =

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    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    \ Euclid\ : From Galaxies to Gravitational Waves -- Forecasting Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background Anisotropies and Their Cross-Correlation. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2511.11509 , archivePrefix =. 2511.11509 , primaryClass =

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    A&A, submitted , keywords =

    Euclid: Systematic uncertainties from the halo mass conversion on galaxy cluster number count data analyses. A&A, submitted , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2510.27505 , archivePrefix =. 2510.27505 , primaryClass =

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    A&A, accepted , keywords =

    Euclid: Exploring observational systematics in cluster cosmology -- a comprehensive analysis of cluster counts and clustering. A&A, accepted , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2510.13509 , archivePrefix =. 2510.13509 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    : Discovery of bright z 7 Lyman-break galaxies in UltraVISTA and Euclid COSMOS. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202557508 , archivePrefix =. 2510.00945 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Early Release Observations ─ The star cluster systems of the Local Group dwarf galaxies IC 10 and NGC 6822. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202556953 , archivePrefix =. 2509.10440 , primaryClass =

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    doi:10.48550/arXiv.2509.08810 , archivePrefix =

    A&A, in press,. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2509.08810 , archivePrefix =. 2509.08810 , primaryClass =

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    A&A, submitted , keywords =

    Euclid: A machine-learning search for dual and lensed AGN at sub-arcsec separations. A&A, submitted , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2508.19494 , archivePrefix =. 2508.19494 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Photometric redshift calibration with self-organising maps. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202556848 , archivePrefix =. 2508.02779 , primaryClass =

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    A&A, submitted , keywords =

    Euclid: Forecasts on Λ CDM consistency tests with growth rate data. A&A, submitted , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2507.22780 , archivePrefix =. 2507.22780 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Early Release Observations -- A combined strong and weak lensing solution for Abell 2390 beyond its virial radius. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202556372 , archivePrefix =. 2507.08545 , primaryClass =

  200. [209]

    Weak gravitational lensing analysis of Abell 2390

    Euclid: Early Release Observations. Weak gravitational lensing analysis of Abell 2390. A&A, accepted , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2507.07629 , archivePrefix =. 2507.07629 , primaryClass =

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    A&A, submitted , keywords =

    Euclid: Quick Data Release (Q1) -- Watching ICM-selected galaxy clusters with Euclid eyes -- prospects of Euclid data in the context of large SZ and X-ray based surveys. A&A, submitted , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2506.19566 , archivePrefix =. 2506.19566 , primaryClass =

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    A&A, in press,

    Euclid: An emulator for baryonic effects on the matter bispectrum. A&A, in press,. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2506.18974 , archivePrefix =. 2506.18974 , primaryClass =

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    A&A, in press,

    Euclid: Early Release Observations -- The surface brightness and colour profiles of the far outskirts of galaxies in the Perseus cluster. A&A, in press,. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2506.02745 , archivePrefix =. 2506.02745 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: the potential of slitless infrared spectroscopy: a z = 5.4 quasar and new ultracool dwarfs. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1274 , archivePrefix =. 2506.13945 , primaryClass =

  205. [214]

    , keywords =

    Euclid: Early Release Observations of ram-pressure stripping in the Perseus cluster: Detection of parsec-scale star formation within the low surface brightness stripped tails of UGC 2665 and MCG +07-07-070. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554836 , archivePrefix =. 2505....

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    A&A, accepted , keywords =

    Euclid: Photometric redshift calibration with the clustering redshifts technique. A&A, accepted , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2505.10416 , archivePrefix =. 2505.10416 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Star clusters in IC 342, NGC 2403, and Holmberg II. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554661 , archivePrefix =. 2503.16637 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Early Release Observations ─ Interplay between dwarf galaxies and their globular clusters in the Perseus galaxy cluster. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554667 , archivePrefix =. 2503.16367 , primaryClass =

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    A&A, in press,

    Euclid: Early Release Observations -- The Intracluster Light of Abell 2390. A&A, in press,. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2503.07484 , archivePrefix =. 2503.07484 , primaryClass =

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    A&A, in press,

    Euclid: Galaxy morphology and photometry from bulge-disc decomposition of Early Release Observations. A&A, in press,. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2502.15581 , archivePrefix =. 2502.15581 , primaryClass =

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    A&A, in press,

    Euclid: Finding strong gravitational lenses in the Early Release Observations using convolutional neural networks. A&A, in press,. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2502.09802 , archivePrefix =. 2502.09802 , primaryClass =

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    A&A, in press,

    Euclid: Optimising tomographic redshift binning for 3 2pt power spectrum constraints on dark energy. A&A, in press,. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2501.07559 , archivePrefix =. 2501.07559 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid: A complete Einstein ring in NGC 6505. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453014 , archivePrefix =. 2502.06505 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Detecting Solar System objects in Euclid images and classifying them using Kohonen self-organising maps. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451767 , archivePrefix =. 2501.05023 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Early Release Observations of diffuse stellar structures and globular clusters as probes of the mass assembly of galaxies in the Dorado group. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453534 , archivePrefix =. 2412.17672 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid: Field-level inference of primordial non-Gaussianity and cosmic initial conditions. A&A, in press,

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    A&A, accepted , keywords =

    Euclid: Searches for strong gravitational lenses using convolutional neural nets in Early Release Observations of the Perseus field. A&A, accepted , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2411.16808 , archivePrefix =. 2411.16808 , primaryClass =

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    Internal kinematics of NGC6397 by combining Euclid and Gaia data

    Euclid: High-precision imaging astrometry and photometry from Early Release Observations: I. Internal kinematics of NGC6397 by combining Euclid and Gaia data. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452295 , archivePrefix =. 2411.02487 , primaryClass =

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    The 5 10 ^ 9 M _ black hole in NGC 1272

    Euclid: The r _ b ‑M _ * relation as a function of redshift: I. The 5 10 ^ 9 M _ black hole in NGC 1272. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452548 , archivePrefix =. 2411.01927 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid: Relativistic effects in the dipole of the two-point correlation function. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452531 , archivePrefix =. 2410.06268 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    and KiDS-1000: Quantifying the impact of source-lens clustering on cosmic shear analyses. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451494 , adsurl =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Validation of the MontePython forecasting tools. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346772 , archivePrefix =. 2303.09451 , primaryClass =

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    , submitted , year = 2024, month = feb, eid =

    Euclid: Identifying the reddest high-redshift galaxies in the Euclid Deep Fields with gradient-boosted trees. , submitted , year = 2024, month = feb, eid =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2402.04800 , archivePrefix =. 2402.04800 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Testing photometric selection of emission-line galaxy targets. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449970 , archivePrefix =. 2403.08726 , primaryClass =

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    Pixel noise cancellation and the response method on trial

    : Improving the efficiency of weak lensing shear bias calibration. Pixel noise cancellation and the response method on trial. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347833 , archivePrefix =. 2401.08239 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Identification of asteroid streaks in simulated images using deep learning. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347551 , archivePrefix =. 2310.03845 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: The search for primordial features. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348162 , archivePrefix =. 2309.17287 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Constraining linearly scale-independent modifications of gravity with the spectroscopic and photometric primary probes. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347526 , archivePrefix =. 2306.12368 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Constraints on f(R) cosmologies from the spectroscopic and photometric primary probes. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348713 , archivePrefix =. 2306.11053 , primaryClass =

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    JCAP , keywords =

    \/: Modelling massive neutrinos in cosmology -- a code comparison. JCAP , keywords =. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2023/06/035 , adsurl =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Cosmology forecasts from the void-galaxy cross-correlation function with reconstruction. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346121 , archivePrefix =. 2302.05302 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Calibrating photometric redshifts with spectroscopic cross-correlations. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244795 , archivePrefix =. 2208.10503 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Forecasts from the void-lensing cross-correlation. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244445 , archivePrefix =. 2206.14211 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Testing the Copernican principle with next-generation surveys. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244557 , archivePrefix =. 2207.09995 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Cosmological forecasts from the void size function. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244095 , archivePrefix =. 2205.11525 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Searching for pair-instability supernovae with the Deep Survey. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243810 , archivePrefix =. 2204.08727 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Fast two-point correlation function covariance through linear construction. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244065 , archivePrefix =. 2205.11852 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    The PAU Survey and Euclid: Improving broadband photometric redshifts with multi-task learning. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245027 , archivePrefix =. 2209.10161 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    KiDS and Euclid: Cosmological implications of a pseudo angular power spectrum analysis of KiDS-1000 cosmic shear tomography. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142481 , archivePrefix =. 2110.06947 , primaryClass =

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    Calculation, comparison to simulations, and dependence on survey geometry

    Euclid: Covariance of weak lensing pseudo-C _ estimates. Calculation, comparison to simulations, and dependence on survey geometry. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142908 , archivePrefix =. 2112.07341 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Forecast constraints on consistency tests of the CDM model. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142503 , archivePrefix =. 2110.11421 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Constraining ensemble photometric redshift distributions with stacked spectroscopy. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142224 , archivePrefix =. 2109.07303 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Forecasts from redshift-space distortions and the Alcock-Paczynski test with cosmic voids. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142073 , archivePrefix =. 2108.10347 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Estimation of the Impact of Correlated Readout Noise for Flux Measurements with the Euclid NISP Instrument. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ac21de , archivePrefix =. 2104.12752 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Constraining dark energy coupled to electromagnetism using astrophysical and laboratory data. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141353 , archivePrefix =. 2105.09746 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Effects of sample covariance on the number counts of galaxy clusters. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140592 , archivePrefix =. 2102.08914 , primaryClass =

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    The Open Journal of Astrophysics , keywords =

    Euclid: Forecasts for k-cut 3 2 Point Statistics. The Open Journal of Astrophysics , keywords =. doi:10.21105/astro.2012.04672 , archivePrefix =. 2012.04672 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Impact of non-linear and baryonic feedback prescriptions on cosmological parameter estimation from weak lensing cosmic shear. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039835 , archivePrefix =. 2010.12382 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Forecast constraints on the cosmic distance duality relation with complementary external probes. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039078 , archivePrefix =. 2007.16153 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: Identification of asteroid streaks in simulated images using StreakDet software. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037765 , archivePrefix =. 2011.05297 , primaryClass =

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    , keywords =

    Euclid: The importance of galaxy clustering and weak lensing cross-correlations within the photometric Euclid survey. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038313 , archivePrefix =. 2005.00055 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid: Reconstruction of weak-lensing mass maps for non-Gaussianity studies. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936865 , archivePrefix =. 1910.03106 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid: the selection of quiescent and star-forming galaxies using observed colours. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa885 , archivePrefix =. 2003.07367 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid: The reduced shear approximation and magnification bias for Stage IV cosmic shear experiments. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937323 , archivePrefix =. 1912.07326 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid: Nonparametric point spread function field recovery through interpolation on a graph Laplacian. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936094 , archivePrefix =. 1906.07676 , primaryClass =

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    Euclid: Superluminous supernovae in the Deep Survey. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731758 , archivePrefix =. 1710.09585 , primaryClass =

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    doi:10.48550/arXiv.2411.05596 , archivePrefix =

    Machine learning-driven Anomaly Detection and Forecasting for Euclid Space Telescope Operations. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2411.05596 , archivePrefix =. 2411.05596 , primaryClass =

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    Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series , year = 2023, editor =

    An account of the Euclid payload module test results. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series , year = 2023, editor =. doi:10.1117/12.2691130 , adsurl =

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    Living Reviews in Relativity , keywords =

    Cosmology and fundamental physics with the Euclid satellite. Living Reviews in Relativity , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s41114-017-0010-3 , archivePrefix =. 1606.00180 , primaryClass =

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    ESA/SRE(2011)12 , year = 2011, month = oct, eid =

    Euclid Definition Study Report. ESA/SRE(2011)12 , year = 2011, month = oct, eid =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.1110.3193 , archivePrefix =. 1110.3193 , primaryClass =

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Pith tools

Reviewed June 27, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.