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Cool Outflows in Galaxies and their Implications
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Neutral-atomic and molecular outflows are a common occurrence in galaxies, near and far. They operate over the full extent of their galaxy hosts, from the innermost regions of galactic nuclei to the outermost reaches of galaxy halos. They carry a substantial amount of material that would otherwise have been used to form new stars. These cool outflows may have a profound impact on the evolution of their host galaxies and environments. This article provides an overview of the basic physics of cool outflows, a comprehensive assessment of the observational techniques and diagnostic tools used to characterize them, a detailed description of the best-studied cases, and a more general discussion of the statistical properties of these outflows in the local and distant universe. The remaining outstanding issues that have not yet been resolved are summarized at the end of the review to inspire new research directions.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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Survival is not Enough: Dust Sputtering, Growth, and H$_2$ Formation in Galactic Winds
Entrained clouds form high H2 fractions only with dust growth at densities ≳10–30 times the cloud-survival critical density; without growth, DGR dilution and sputtering keep them atomic.
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First detection of ultra-fast outflows in a quiescent galaxy
First detection of an ultra-fast outflow (v≈0.07c) in a quiescent galaxy quenched ~9 Gyr ago, suggesting AGN winds can maintain quiescence independent of global star formation.
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CRexit observed: probing cosmic ray transport in the circumgalactic medium with absorption line spectra
Efficient cosmic-ray transport in CR-pressure-dominated CGM simulations produces stronger cool-gas absorption (MgII, SiII) and covering fractions matching star-forming galaxies, while slow transport underproduces them.
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The Quasar Feedback Survey: Ionised Outflows in type 2 QSOs with MUSE data
Electron densities from [Ar IV] lines in 16 type 2 QSOs imply outflow mass rates and kinetic powers roughly 1 dex lower than assuming n_e=1000 cm^-3, plus a positive density-velocity correlation above 630 km/s.
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Outflows in super-Eddington quasars drive clumpy circumgalactic medium and extended H$\alpha$ nebulae at $z \gtrsim 6$
In z≈6 quasar simulations, super-Eddington black-hole growth clears escape channels, ejects cold clumps that raise neutral-hydrogen covering, and powers extended Hα nebulae that shrink when the quasar is obscured.
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Outflows in the Early Universe: Neutral gas Absorption in Galaxies at z > 3 from low-resolution JWST Spectroscopy
Excess Na I D absorption, interpreted as neutral-gas outflows, is detected in 20 of 811 galaxies at z>3 and rises steeply with stellar mass and quiescence.
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The Intergalactic Medium
A review chapter of the intergalactic medium: its density, temperature, ionization state, and observation via quasar absorption lines, without a new research result.
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