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Long-term, Multiwavelength Light Curves of Ultra-Cool Dwarfs: II. The evolving Light Curves of the T2.5 SIMP 0136 & the Uncorrelated Light Curves of the M9 TVLM 513

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arxiv 1609.03587 v1 pith:YK7F6L7F submitted 2016-09-12 astro-ph.SR

classification astro-ph.SR
keywords lightphotometryrotationsimpj013656browncurvesnights
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We present 17 nights of ground-based, near-infrared photometry of the variable L/T transition brown dwarf SIMP J013656.5+093347 and an additional 3 nights of ground-based photometry of the radio-active late M-dwarf TVLM 513-46546. Our TVLM 513-46546 photometry includes 2 nights of simultaneous, multiwavelength, ground-based photometry, in which we detect obvious J-band variability, but do not detect I-band variability of similar amplitude, confirming that the variability of TVLM 513-46546 most likely arises from clouds or aurorae, rather than starspots. Our photometry of SIMP J013656.5+093347 includes 15 nights of J-band photometry that allow us to observe how the variable light curve of this L/T transition brown dwarf evolves from rotation period to rotation period, night-to-night and week-to-week. We estimate the rotation period of SIMP J013656.5+093347 as 2.406 +/- 0.008 hours, and do not find evidence for obvious differential rotation. The peak-to-peak amplitude displayed by SIMP J013656.5+093347 in our light curves evolves from greater than 6% to less than 1% in a matter of days, and the typical timescale for significant evolution of the SIMP J013656.5+093347 light curve appears to be approximately <1 to 10 rotation periods. This suggests that those performing spectrophotometric observations of brown dwarfs should be cautious in their interpretations comparing the spectra between a variable brown dwarf's maximum flux and minimum flux from observations lasting only approximately a rotation period, as these comparisons may depict the spectral characteristics of a single, ephemeral snapshot, rather than the full range of characteristics.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. The JWST Weather Report from the Isolated Exoplanet Analog SIMP 0136+0933: Pressure-Dependent Variability Driven by Multiple Mechanisms

    astro-ph.EP 2024-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    JWST time-resolved spectra of SIMP 0136+0933 reveal wavelength-dependent variability requiring at least three distinct atmospheric mechanisms: clouds, hot spots, and changing carbon chemistry.

  2. Assessing Ariel's capabilities to observe free-floating brown dwarfs

    astro-ph.EP 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 2.0 of 10

    Ariel could observe 98 L0-L5 brown dwarfs with a 1 Hz fine guidance mode and measure cloud-induced spectral variability at the sub-percent level in the 1.1-7.8 micron range.

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