Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components

As of 12 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 48 of 48 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.10111.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.10111 v1

Coverage vector

measured 48 of 48 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:26.747889Z

measured 48 of 48 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

48 of 48 outbound references displayed

verified exact6
verified fuzzy1
unresolved40
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation fb1c0d02-e08a-4adc-9870-4583ba3e2cb8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.735460Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation ed1844ae-cabb-41bc-be9a-55e1818f801b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.719081Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 3384f76d-d910-493a-a178-c154e6837a13 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.702264Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 049a3117-f462-4622-b2ba-e65cda8e495a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.684074Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 25f05927-d4d8-4a4c-acae-2bb0c96085da · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.666587Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 647d6751-8993-4a8f-b91b-fa8aa551b102 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.648548Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation c475ad68-fdfd-40ca-9196-b115573075ac · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:23.858172Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0a7392ac-622b-4bcf-970f-eb61d7437c75 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.622093Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 12d5d9a2-b744-4323-8b1f-822df4d48fb8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.606856Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 42099965-1f5c-4d25-86f7-18334b31219a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.590743Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 8414a22d-3298-4842-9b5e-58ca2a7e3fda · outbound

This paper cites ORAN-Bench-13K: An Open Source Benchmark for Assessing LLMs in Open Radio Access Networks.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components ORAN-Bench-13K: An Open Source Benchmark for Assessing LLMs in Open Radio Access Networks

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:24.173932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1743eb78-97a2-4977-a782-c5f728007cf5 · outbound

This paper cites ORANSight-2.0: Foundational LLMs for O-RAN.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components ORANSight-2.0: Foundational LLMs for O-RAN

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.200865Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 92dd8bca-ec44-4e41-aa55-181d7b00e141 · outbound

This paper cites Open6G OTIC: A Blueprint for Programmable O-RAN and 3GPP Testing Infrastructure.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Open6G OTIC: A Blueprint for Programmable O-RAN and 3GPP Testing Infrastructure

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.178155Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation ebacbb3d-8adb-4742-81c3-db7cba8fdda5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.575115Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 279d0f1c-7810-4707-a94a-3ed6aad863ae · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.559350Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 01e46db6-3934-497f-ac84-c78e48871d40 · outbound

This paper cites Drowning in Documents: Consequences of Scaling Reranker Inference.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Drowning in Documents: Consequences of Scaling Reranker Inference

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:24.435254Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fb6143e6-fa82-4c2e-abb3-9aeb160e14af · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Mistral 7B

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:24.495256Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9298f60c-77f7-4578-b736-2d7e00658193 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:24.559769Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 88195f08-6d8a-4276-b0cc-ffc35154126c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.540643Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation ef494eef-765f-4bb3-831e-5473dcc10742 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.519992Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation ae138b49-6551-4bf1-b1a8-e10dfb2e4403 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.490420Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation fc429c3b-9bdb-43ae-b558-c225b8f92dec · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:24.936738Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7b584e39-e3b9-43b5-941e-54de56bf8631 · outbound

This paper cites Consistent and Repeatable Testing of O-RAN Distributed Unit (O-DU) across Continents.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Consistent and Repeatable Testing of O-RAN Distributed Unit (O-DU) across Continents

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:26.969924Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 2945bb3c-c6ba-40e2-ae13-a8d6fddcd539 · outbound

This paper cites TSpec-LLM: An Open-source Dataset for LLM Understanding of 3GPP Specifications.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components TSpec-LLM: An Open-source Dataset for LLM Understanding of 3GPP Specifications

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:24.945711Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 626bc721-cb79-47c5-af84-5484f5eac156 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.453680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 03de7e90-81af-4651-abc5-bccae20d31db · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.437885Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 1796d69d-8e92-4c43-a6cf-692194d9f0d3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.419140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation a2b44010-5a79-43b7-ba52-0924bcf97386 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.402847Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 234f4c0c-b93e-4449-8781-5b1288c58830 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.386107Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 4266c8c9-d038-47d4-912f-f24b50091414 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating the Efficacy of Open-Source LLMs in Enterprise-Specific RAG Systems: A Comparative Study of Performance and Scalability.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Evaluating the Efficacy of Open-Source LLMs in Enterprise-Specific RAG Systems: A Comparative Study of Performance and Scalability

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:25.824938Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ae25ae8b-1914-4ff6-b075-bc52f5b4bb9b · outbound

This paper cites Attention Overflow: Language Model Input Blur during Long-Context Missing Items Recommendation.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Attention Overflow: Language Model Input Blur during Long-Context Missing Items Recommendation

Reference 31

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:26.917969Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 3f352ba0-6dc4-432c-a2ba-4aff14c05f14 · outbound

This paper cites CovFUZZ: Coverage-based fuzzer for 4G&5G protocols.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components CovFUZZ: Coverage-based fuzzer for 4G&5G protocols

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:26.892999Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 41b51880-71f9-42bb-a34a-7fbd02fc5a10 · outbound

This paper cites Parametric Retrieval Augmented Generation.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Parametric Retrieval Augmented Generation

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:26.239697Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c0280e59-1fde-48ae-b1a0-eb5894fc1a87 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.367863Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 42a69d11-b9a9-4550-a638-cc6426a70879 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:26.249376Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 17b6294e-a46e-46b8-99dc-4f6f4033b095 · outbound

This paper cites Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:26.263687Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5e0c09dd-5571-4af3-bced-68cf76854607 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.352519Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 1da6da03-8c1c-4d3d-9a1f-0494fe97a1d1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.333840Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 4baf5016-b96f-4f53-88cc-509cf767e29f · outbound

This paper cites Open RAN: Evolution of Architecture, Deployment Aspects, and Future Directions.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Open RAN: Evolution of Architecture, Deployment Aspects, and Future Directions

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:26.410241Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e450618e-cabe-4bd7-8da5-441bcf5c686b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.315904Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 3a7fbb80-3471-4899-90ae-a09914eb2af9 · outbound

This paper cites Open ran test and integration.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Open ran test and integration

Reference 41

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:26.785425Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation e62cc4dd-5cd8-44ce-b679-2974256eef6c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.300360Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 63da9cb0-1238-47b0-9a68-bfbfc6388ea7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.284277Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation f06fcd51-556a-4f90-92c9-15003a456dc8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.266613Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation f90d5916-f3c2-45ae-b16f-7c8c65b18584 · outbound

This paper cites BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:26.742970Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d2cbcb68-e6e5-4d8a-aef0-158d8a081eae · outbound

This paper cites UEContextReleaseRequest.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components UEContextReleaseRequest

Reference 46

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.249929Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 21a050bc-832b-46d5-807f-bb2b665e355c · outbound

This paper cites Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 214, 103621.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 214, 103621

Reference 2023

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:27.471999Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation a825cb11-2b61-4cb9-bfd3-d50e304c6590 · outbound

This paper cites M3-Embedding: Multi-Linguality, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillation.

AI5GTest: AI-Driven Specification-Aware Automated Testing and Validation of 5G O-RAN Components M3-Embedding: Multi-Linguality, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillation

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:23.919851Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.