Stretching and twisting of the DNA duplexes in coarse grained dynamical models

Three coarse-grained models of the double-stranded DNA are proposed and compared in the context of mechanical manipulation such as twisting and various schemes of stretching. The models differ in the number of effective beads (between two and five) representing each nucleotide. They all show similar behavior and, in particular, lead to a torque-force phase diagrams qualitatively consistent with experiments and all-atom simulations.