Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.173432Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal
As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 48 of 48 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.11940.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
48 of 48 outbound references displayed
- verified exact1
- verified fuzzy3
- unresolved43
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch1
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation 9c135fec-cf4a-4c9b-bc7d-3d3758e0c69e · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 1
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:06.273991Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation fd949014-6f66-4aa4-a4a1-fccf348df01d · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 2
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:06.255805Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 6047c2f4-5395-48bb-aff5-9a0429fac4bb · outbound
This paper cites Barr, Roger Levy, Christoph Scheepers, and Harry J.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Barr, Roger Levy, Christoph Scheepers, and Harry J
Reference 3
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:04.883405Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 24c59c03-b21b-462d-a29d-0b4c85dec2e9 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified exact
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.760064Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation b5987a9c-5529-4b1d-bbda-1d6dd7ef8749 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 5
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:04.894737Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 05ad5fd8-c0ae-4280-91a1-23a3133fa7f8 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 6
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:04.900994Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f242e36a-2495-42a9-b7da-4fe51e78003b · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 7
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:06.227240Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 79a0d0bb-bb54-4142-8c59-e458938fa2da · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 8
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:04.914696Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 763976db-a1a3-4c35-8724-ac3c64462faf · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 9
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:04.926448Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 76fe1e85-fba2-4b78-9077-c59aa83965bf · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 10
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:06.193049Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 534d69c4-0e57-4865-bbce-90218197b330 · outbound
This paper cites Tily, Idan Blank, Anastasia Vishnevetsky, Steven Piantadosi, and Evelina Fedorenko.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Tily, Idan Blank, Anastasia Vishnevetsky, Steven Piantadosi, and Evelina Fedorenko
Reference 11
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:04.938942Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d1dfe7a5-b1ed-46d6-9fed-357d7ae9bc1f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 12
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:06.172488Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation ea3ebeeb-41b8-4ed8-8601-a073fcd56acf · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 13
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:04.955391Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 29e2ae2b-acb2-41c0-8da2-31215e8a5496 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 14
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:06.140557Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 6cfe231b-272f-4430-ac02-37c86bbdd91a · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 15
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:04.966173Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 278353e1-6d15-488a-909d-9f2521bb6398 · outbound
This paper cites Clark, and Philipp Koehn.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Clark, and Philipp Koehn
Reference 16
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:04.971129Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 421c1d0c-a391-42bc-a45d-3737887681f1 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 17
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.631246Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 6afce323-4649-449d-a2dc-edd1f688f194 · outbound
This paper cites Carpenter.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Carpenter
Reference 18
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:04.985613Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3076d9e2-7d36-41a5-b30e-7742c713635e · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:04.992202Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 09f2cc38-534c-4345-9243-a3eb69206347 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 20
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:06.086532Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 0e496c93-2cf2-4451-973d-9e35fa275e32 · outbound
This paper cites Nelson Francis.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Nelson Francis
Reference 21
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.011494Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f0b8f507-df3a-4b0e-a96e-f9b21424398f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 22
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:06.042647Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation c10d25d4-40a0-493e-8f84-c93866554415 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 23
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.023902Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 92ce8881-b0b9-4038-8c27-b17b5a30962c · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 24
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.029643Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0380f983-333b-483b-96d2-4f6c2ea8b088 · outbound
This paper cites Luke and Kiel Christianson.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Luke and Kiel Christianson
Reference 25
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.035176Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2a3b2396-7632-4d13-82e2-f698bc1dcf99 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 26
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.039992Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 91c84ec6-1ba8-431d-a55b-05078039664c · outbound
This paper cites Corrado, and Jeffrey Dean.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Corrado, and Jeffrey Dean
Reference 27
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:06.011498Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 7292877c-08be-4690-9b63-c80b41e8809a · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 28
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.988462Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 6742b126-efbc-4383-81e8-53ff9e609bd6 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 29
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.969334Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation ada9ca43-f1dd-41b2-8194-c6452f162540 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 30
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.061579Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b7e698c3-65e9-4f31-8528-dfc4e1ffe8c8 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.068010Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 51a2149e-9965-4916-8ddd-a5fe4471e295 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 32
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.075113Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2b08d10b-10fa-4b82-916c-5e59bd1713a5 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 33
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.081288Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c0aba52c-9fa6-40cd-913c-e936e195e349 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 34
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.086949Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a3e0c12d-c64b-4ce6-bc0c-db43221fcab9 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 35
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.092545Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7d234215-0444-485c-a4c0-56aae5bf48d5 · outbound
This paper cites Schmidt, Varshini Reddy, Haoran Zhang, Alec Alameddine, Omri Uzan, Yuval Pinter, and Chris Tanner.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Schmidt, Varshini Reddy, Haoran Zhang, Alec Alameddine, Omri Uzan, Yuval Pinter, and Chris Tanner
Reference 36
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.890981Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 61db3830-4ab7-48e1-a0b8-9ccfa1c09198 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 37
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.871080Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation b8c6551a-0fd1-41e3-8c4e-c92098b9e39b · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 38
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.111206Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7b4aa6af-0d80-4bf2-b992-d119f6130fa2 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 39
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.117097Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 59b65986-ded9-49e1-9345-d31eb3b5fb3f · outbound
This paper cites Smith and Roger Levy.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Smith and Roger Levy
Reference 40
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.124802Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6ab33ac6-a754-41ab-96c0-0e6794c27836 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 41
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.129797Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9d9443ab-30f8-4c2c-9e44-9cf0f17a2ed4 · outbound
This paper cites Gomez, ukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Gomez, ukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin
Reference 42
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.847523Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 9b1df227-a42b-4f5f-8268-758708d528c7 · outbound
This paper cites From Language Models over Tokens to Language Models over Characters.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal From Language Models over Tokens to Language Models over Characters
Reference 43
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.141552Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b393e7fe-0038-491a-a77a-a01764810a5b · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 44
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.828801Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation d1d8665f-705f-4dee-a3bd-344b67051121 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 45
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.153504Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 991557cb-474d-47e6-8212-8188a57719fd · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 46
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.159054Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 420c40cf-3009-4287-9c4b-4c52401a9e76 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 47
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.165596Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 99372645-7129-4d74-9ec1-ac9a6fb45fbb · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal Unresolved cited work
Reference 48
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:30:05.782616Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.