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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation

As of 24 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 15 of 15 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2502.03420.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.03420 v1

Coverage vector

measured 15 of 15 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-09T04:51:50.931056Z

measured 16 of 16 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T22:20:09.117531Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-15T22:20:09.260692Z

Reference resolution

15 of 15 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy13
  • unresolved2
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 4b554e27-3e16-43be-a0c9-a37985d6a64f · outbound

This paper cites Goodfellow, Jean Pouget-Abadie, Mehdi Mirza, Bing Xu, David Warde-Farley, Sherjil Ozair, Aaron Courville, and Yoshua Bengio.

Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation Goodfellow, Jean Pouget-Abadie, Mehdi Mirza, Bing Xu, David Warde-Farley, Sherjil Ozair, Aaron Courville, and Yoshua Bengio

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:51:50.830485Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-09T04:51:50.830485Z digest=sha256:cf65e6631def64d2d0784706125b46ffb4dfcd94af674a29c6d15f23a4552582

Observation 49dde0bd-76bf-48b4-ae1f-cbc14880461a · outbound

This paper cites Face aging with identity-preserved conditional generative adversarial networks.

Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation Face aging with identity-preserved conditional generative adversarial networks

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:51:51.278059Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-09T04:51:50.841347Z digest=sha256:400948abed62a80ccbd1a1414ab6abb9de34710868d128d19509c96e8572b1a0

Observation 9ae32265-7264-4374-bc2f-01f36d8b9e99 · outbound

This paper cites Face aging via diffusion- based editing, 2023.

Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation Face aging via diffusion- based editing, 2023

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:51:51.253551Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-09T04:51:50.848295Z digest=sha256:c4f7a0e7130b7646a685dda259b2fe052d54c1b349edd1cd4c0bad8b59b18b0b

Observation 94f69a83-b1ac-40c8-8f4a-5f7e0a657264 · outbound

This paper cites Diffage3d: Diffusion-based 3d-aware face aging, 2024.

Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation Diffage3d: Diffusion-based 3d-aware face aging, 2024

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:51:51.230257Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-09T04:51:50.854361Z digest=sha256:bcf845082becee4f518b8abd867e5ed3333f30be13f765643661ec701580ed13

Observation 4ebb2ec2-c8f7-4625-acbb-fa5ed8ad1781 · outbound

This paper cites Analyzing and improving the image quality of StyleGAN.

Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation Analyzing and improving the image quality of StyleGAN

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:51:51.203679Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-09T04:51:50.860624Z digest=sha256:c668c346f2f7e6e80616031fefae2cd217cfb0ae4e25668761bce2182e1a7e4a

Observation 48ec6805-2257-4279-bc90-3ddc2d288fa0 · outbound

This paper cites Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision.

Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:51:51.184200Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-09T04:51:50.866247Z digest=sha256:6e2784fd0dd6399568b7301fee498ee8e46dd3ba87e1025fa666b8a9052ae463

Observation 49dd10d3-b41f-4f37-8ed7-9f42a9bd375c · outbound

This paper cites Synthetic face ageing: Evaluation, analysis and facilitation of age-robust facial recognition algorithms, 2024.

Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation Synthetic face ageing: Evaluation, analysis and facilitation of age-robust facial recognition algorithms, 2024

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:51:51.161172Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-09T04:51:50.875775Z digest=sha256:fc01edfcddf1849866328b422379c16f51a38dd6c05dcb6740527f382d6f2370

Observation 009c9035-b29f-4595-a057-75fd979b73eb · outbound

This paper cites Flux.1: Redefining text-to-image ai with superior visual fidelity.

Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation Flux.1: Redefining text-to-image ai with superior visual fidelity

Reference 8

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:51:51.137573Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-09T04:51:50.881546Z digest=sha256:e331e805bd1e7681b69dce99f6b822027e577f7b93cc74e6f1d3ee1b6c6f8979

Observation a808d0a5-6e56-4c7f-b606-c4ee5ce52ee5 · outbound

This paper cites Stable diffusion 3.5 large - the most advanced sd model.

Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation Stable diffusion 3.5 large - the most advanced sd model

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:51:51.111584Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-09T04:51:50.887751Z digest=sha256:c6ca8279a0134113aa01130b853ff7020d5de626a3b049143224dcbf10ea703a

Observation d72462b0-0f48-471d-bfce-14b90501d048 · outbound

This paper cites Realism engine sdxl - v3.0 vae.

Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation Realism engine sdxl - v3.0 vae

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:51:51.088049Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-09T04:51:50.894203Z digest=sha256:fb5d82df7ad6d41e365ab81d7ddd0a1264544f048ea642954b8eb8bbf4641511

Observation f2163bf4-7a2e-4c1c-8cb9-acff6e2f2f23 · outbound

This paper cites Mivolo: Multi-input trans- former for age and gender estimation, 2023.

Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation Mivolo: Multi-input trans- former for age and gender estimation, 2023

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:51:51.062595Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-09T04:51:50.902262Z digest=sha256:70e4e3950176f8766f3abcf79d754e373fb58330900cba09253cca63bd471604

Observation f83fa8b5-d6f9-4a6e-9058-2543085b9a27 · outbound

This paper cites Novikov, Ruslan Parkhomenko, Artem V oronin, and Alix Melchy.

Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation Novikov, Ruslan Parkhomenko, Artem V oronin, and Alix Melchy

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:51:51.041886Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-09T04:51:50.911980Z digest=sha256:d4ce57e40350e379854929c3a1b37d7616698da9f9898636b10283a6ffdd3d42

Observation a69d2825-2f2c-4487-b5a5-22c40b5eb42a · outbound

This paper cites Age estimation evaluation report, 2024.

Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation Age estimation evaluation report, 2024

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:51:51.020748Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-09T04:51:50.918644Z digest=sha256:d11263740f190333cd886afc8c0e998a46741386503c5739eb5ba751850875cb

Observation 6cc3f6ae-b009-4400-b151-f0ae7ad50f9d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:51:51.000389Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-09T04:51:50.925369Z digest=sha256:b5106fba9c3e462472088a280bcad8312e8ea426441bef52ea1d46d81ee210c0

Observation 15479cee-a868-4a0a-9b6a-177a0bae33aa · outbound

This paper cites Chu, Simon Donato-Woodger, Shehroz S.

Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation Chu, Simon Donato-Woodger, Shehroz S

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:51:50.981197Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-09T04:51:50.931056Z digest=sha256:11e44a40ff71bcec58b55b1d490fd681f9b1e5eedeb74f6afa2385fa4fc77e5c

Pith citing papers

Observation fb2f2742-68d8-4d4e-b972-84b0463b553a · inbound

FLUXSynID: A Framework for Identity-Controlled Synthetic Face Generation with Document and Live Images cites this paper.

FLUXSynID: A Framework for Identity-Controlled Synthetic Face Generation with Document and Live Images Can Text-to-Image Generative Models Accurately Depict Age? A Comparative Study on Synthetic Portrait Generation and Age Estimation

Reference 39

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T22:20:09.268321Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T22:20:09.117531Z digest=sha256:e27e10ccbb34e42a4383782abf0f2b00ee04213f81cbda3b4178bf43f5fdbd43