Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 45 of 45 outbound references and 4 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.19639.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.19639 v1

Coverage vector

measured 45 of 45 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:16.528531Z

measured 49 of 49 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 4 of 4 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:16.528531Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-20T17:23:36.837119Z

Reference resolution

45 of 45 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy41
unresolved4
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 16a4ebe4-f624-47e4-98f0-57cae9591106 · outbound

This paper cites Approximate realization of noisy linear systems: the Hankel and Page matrix approach,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Approximate realization of noisy linear systems: the Hankel and Page matrix approach,

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:28.390275Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 047f07b9-a2e0-40fe-b437-9145a15c996d · outbound

This paper cites Kailath, Linear Systems.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Kailath, Linear Systems

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:28.098504Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 0ceb153a-4243-476e-a63d-d821a56cb9e2 · outbound

This paper cites The four fundamental subspaces: 4 lines,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem The four fundamental subspaces: 4 lines,

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:27.815875Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 4242ce02-45d7-4cc0-9073-8044911a2f92 · outbound

This paper cites Effective construction of li near state- variable models from input/output functions,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Effective construction of li near state- variable models from input/output functions,

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:27.456367Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation d05fe094-8b1e-4f2d-b135-29df25914f53 · outbound

This paper cites A new identiﬁcation and model reduction alg orithm via singular value decomposition,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem A new identiﬁcation and model reduction alg orithm via singular value decomposition,

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:27.169736Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 3a0f4368-0311-41e9-bbe3-0ddf91367148 · outbound

This paper cites An eigensystem realization algorithm for modal parameter identiﬁcation and model reduction,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem An eigensystem realization algorithm for modal parameter identiﬁcation and model reduction,

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:26.901083Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 9c42d4e1-bab4-4fdd-bd66-002060270aa7 · outbound

This paper cites Canonical variate analysis in identiﬁc ation, ﬁltering and adaptive control,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Canonical variate analysis in identiﬁc ation, ﬁltering and adaptive control,

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:26.671177Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 9f32a3e7-4d2b-4946-ba17-19d6f664dae8 · outbound

This paper cites N4SID: Subspace algorit hms for the identiﬁcation of combined deterministic-stochast ic systems,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem N4SID: Subspace algorit hms for the identiﬁcation of combined deterministic-stochast ic systems,

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:26.394239Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation ae9a22b6-9f5c-4723-a715-426027013f3e · outbound

This paper cites Subspace model identiﬁcat ion part I: the output-error state-space model identiﬁcation class of algorithm,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Subspace model identiﬁcat ion part I: the output-error state-space model identiﬁcation class of algorithm,

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:26.144406Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e2daad1a-0e8b-4c80-b9ed-750067e70045 · outbound

This paper cites A novel subspace identiﬁ cation approach with enforced causal models,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem A novel subspace identiﬁ cation approach with enforced causal models,

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:25.863767Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 2879e100-357a-4fca-90d7-d63f0d43d26d · outbound

This paper cites Subspace identiﬁcation and ARX modeling,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Subspace identiﬁcation and ARX modeling,

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:25.569760Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation aeb1163d-3d9a-4479-8fc5-57c0162f5103 · outbound

This paper cites The role of vector autoregressive modeling in predictor- based subspace identiﬁcation,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem The role of vector autoregressive modeling in predictor- based subspace identiﬁcation,

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:25.224092Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e971d6f5-c5d6-44b0-9f5d-d160777ca6ee · outbound

This paper cites A subspace based instrumen tal variable method for state-space system identiﬁcation,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem A subspace based instrumen tal variable method for state-space system identiﬁcation,

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:24.915226Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 59f85cdc-9e10-4b4a-b024-4ecd3a1b0c3d · outbound

This paper cites Analysis of s tate space system identiﬁcation methods based on instrumental variab les and subspace ﬁtting,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Analysis of s tate space system identiﬁcation methods based on instrumental variab les and subspace ﬁtting,

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:24.676396Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 3de2bca0-f5d0-40bb-9c1b-87f47ae0af49 · outbound

This paper cites A subspace ﬁtting method for identiﬁcation of linear state-space models,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem A subspace ﬁtting method for identiﬁcation of linear state-space models,

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:24.386674Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 415be367-61fa-4fc6-9661-4710831da4d9 · outbound

This paper cites A linear regression approa ch to state- space subspace system identiﬁcation,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem A linear regression approa ch to state- space subspace system identiﬁcation,

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:24.082893Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 399ad088-bd78-4977-838d-60651d2d21e5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:12.841345Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 06e829a7-0522-41ca-a443-e88daeb6a355 · outbound

This paper cites Regalia, Adaptive IIR ﬁltering in signal processing and control.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Regalia, Adaptive IIR ﬁltering in signal processing and control

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:23.732451Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 624cb301-0779-4ea0-b940-3a16ae050978 · outbound

This paper cites Weighted Null Space Fitting (WNSF): A Link between The Prediction Error Method and Subspace Identification.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Weighted Null Space Fitting (WNSF): A Link between The Prediction Error Method and Subspace Identification

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:13.147670Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 98d55aa5-4f75-4066-a878-10abee29c4ad · outbound

This paper cites Least squares realization of LTI models is a n eigenvalue problem,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Least squares realization of LTI models is a n eigenvalue problem,

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:23.433920Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 715b45e7-fd84-452c-a3ea-7e4db07de9d7 · outbound

This paper cites Least squares optimal realisation of autonomous L TI systems is an eigenvalue problem,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Least squares optimal realisation of autonomous L TI systems is an eigenvalue problem,

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:23.119861Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b6c98083-1f1e-4908-a2bd-ac6f6d7f5db8 · outbound

This paper cites Realizing LTI models by identifying characteristic param eters using least squares optimization,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Realizing LTI models by identifying characteristic param eters using least squares optimization,

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:22.837426Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 447f0295-e9fd-4712-82b0-a3a04c80e7f7 · outbound

This paper cites A new approach t o learning linear dynamical systems,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem A new approach t o learning linear dynamical systems,

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:22.541392Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 6801c6ff-21e1-419d-acfd-09a7ab98182c · outbound

This paper cites Parametr ic identiﬁcation using weighted null-space ﬁtting,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Parametr ic identiﬁcation using weighted null-space ﬁtting,

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:22.280826Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation a574bafa-3b68-4e33-9b28-f01a697fbd18 · outbound

This paper cites Application of structured total least squares for system i dentiﬁcation and model reduction,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Application of structured total least squares for system i dentiﬁcation and model reduction,

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:22.028234Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation fd428bb5-79ee-44be-b46a-530299e5d1a8 · outbound

This paper cites The singular value decomposition and long a nd short spaces of noisy matrices,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem The singular value decomposition and long a nd short spaces of noisy matrices,

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:21.865916Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b0447f02-1b10-4bcd-97fa-99206f2c7425 · outbound

This paper cites Structured total least squares and L2 approximati on problems,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Structured total least squares and L2 approximati on problems,

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:21.611551Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 2f4f8a79-7df6-4475-8e83-0fb02ec8d215 · outbound

This paper cites Overview of total least -squares methods,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Overview of total least -squares methods,

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:21.365830Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 04b726db-3e8c-4110-a4fb-e8825a7df79d · outbound

This paper cites Total least squares for afﬁnely structured matrices and the noisy realization problem,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Total least squares for afﬁnely structured matrices and the noisy realization problem,

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:21.133419Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 72d8fd4b-68c8-4f71-bc17-6d70c5d75b65 · outbound

This paper cites An analysis of the total le ast squares problem,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem An analysis of the total le ast squares problem,

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:20.814679Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 30a09003-e9ae-4857-acfc-ea1de1547260 · outbound

This paper cites V an Huffel and J.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem V an Huffel and J

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:20.503647Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 22f25f8c-20bc-4d4c-9469-ba1c07c16930 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:20.221565Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 7b47b621-2974-4b1f-a209-f6758c3d5791 · outbound

This paper cites On the role of future horizon in cl osed-loop subspace identiﬁcation,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem On the role of future horizon in cl osed-loop subspace identiﬁcation,

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:19.951890Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 429199dd-66fa-462a-825a-b6e5422fdedc · outbound

This paper cites Some insights on the choice of the future hor izon in closed- loop CCA-type subspace algorithms,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Some insights on the choice of the future hor izon in closed- loop CCA-type subspace algorithms,

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:19.658572Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation add1f6b3-c3b8-4fae-be78-0d66b0fea5fd · outbound

This paper cites Perturbation bounds in connection with singular value decomposition,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Perturbation bounds in connection with singular value decomposition,

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:19.396281Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 1e029f84-9f10-4283-a327-7db8f78bf627 · outbound

This paper cites A critica l view on benchmarks based on randomly generated systems,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem A critica l view on benchmarks based on randomly generated systems,

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:19.104008Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 83b2236c-a27d-443f-b81f-91d7e13c14f6 · outbound

This paper cites On the accuracy of tota l least squares and least squares techniques in the presence of errors on all data,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem On the accuracy of tota l least squares and least squares techniques in the presence of errors on all data,

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:18.830614Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation f6595fdd-7c82-4e46-93a2-57dded575d51 · outbound

This paper cites An overview of subspace identiﬁcation,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem An overview of subspace identiﬁcation,

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:18.582577Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 642e147e-96f9-4a2d-9f07-6e2aadb19b88 · outbound

This paper cites A weighted l east-squares method for parameter estimation in structured models,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem A weighted l east-squares method for parameter estimation in structured models,

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:18.308667Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b4bcf884-f213-440d-8e79-641406e687bb · outbound

This paper cites Asymptotic properties of the least-squares method for estimating transfer functions and disturbance s pectra,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Asymptotic properties of the least-squares method for estimating transfer functions and disturbance s pectra,

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:18.089868Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation a742b280-d96b-4bde-882b-5fcb82bc82d1 · outbound

This paper cites Revisiting Ho-Kalman-based syst em identi- ﬁcation: Robustness and ﬁnite-sample analysis,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Revisiting Ho-Kalman-based syst em identi- ﬁcation: Robustness and ﬁnite-sample analysis,

Reference 41

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:17.793310Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation ee3deb49-505b-4b0c-a997-ea179c7db52c · outbound

This paper cites Finite sample analysis of s tochastic system identiﬁcation,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Finite sample analysis of s tochastic system identiﬁcation,

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:17.545920Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b9ba73f9-0e72-4396-bedc-8c8abdb8b79c · outbound

This paper cites Perturbation theory for pseudo-inverses,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Perturbation theory for pseudo-inverses,

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:17.244383Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e84a5c69-7b33-4ca6-9c0a-ca07b4af1bdc · outbound

This paper cites On the distribution of the left singular vectors of a random matrix and its applications,.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem On the distribution of the left singular vectors of a random matrix and its applications,

Reference 44

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:16.952358Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 041b8068-34c1-47d0-bb69-e2f57cef734b · outbound

This paper cites Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem.

Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem Range Space or Null Space: Least-Squares Methods for the Realization Problem

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:19:16.528531Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 041b8068-34c1-47d0-bb69-e2f57cef734b · inbound