Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 54 of 54 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.06274.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.06274 v2

Coverage vector

measured 54 of 54 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.737886Z

measured 54 of 54 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

54 of 54 outbound references displayed

verified exact18
verified fuzzy2
unresolved32
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier2
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation cf4025dd-46fc-45df-8323-58fb8aa7b223 · outbound

This paper cites & Adamic, L.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Adamic, L

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.399656Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation cf593950-ee76-4d0d-9bb2-13f757bd5778 · outbound

This paper cites post-truth.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media post-truth

Reference 3

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:57.245929Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation e2aec439-c116-4cab-af8b-6e8489a20d76 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:57.226837Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 001dd9f9-815b-4e33-84d5-b403ba84bf86 · outbound

This paper cites A., Suárez-Betancur, N., Vega, L.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media A., Suárez-Betancur, N., Vega, L

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.419073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a24f2c79-2e67-41e4-bf7d-d8d329972582 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.427502Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 99deaee4-83b6-4b1e-877e-fd5716ef6722 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:57.844164Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 2378c43b-d3e0-479c-bfef-09ae16dff538 · outbound

This paper cites & Benevenuto, F.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Benevenuto, F

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.441911Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fa22ad0b-6253-4d48-858d-54aca5418f38 · outbound

This paper cites Nonverbal communication.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Nonverbal communication

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:57.199661Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation e8256f27-1821-4d4a-8515-c84394a58646 · outbound

This paper cites & Stanziano, A.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Stanziano, A

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:57.177529Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation b1585721-61bd-432f-957d-dc5e0f617304 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:57.162530Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 966b2624-c326-4234-95d6-d016b9178544 · outbound

This paper cites Toxic speech: Toward an epidemiology of discursive harm.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Toxic speech: Toward an epidemiology of discursive harm

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:58.054683Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation dd0dd57c-17cd-4fcc-abf7-9ec7d2544719 · outbound

This paper cites & Lee, D.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Lee, D

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:57.148304Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation eb875927-5fc5-4e55-ba12-b63e183d1f4b · outbound

This paper cites D., Gordon, J.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media D., Gordon, J

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.479617Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation d30da679-f71a-46bd-9d7c-6022c560d8a5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.486775Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation d64c105a-a27d-4e89-8380-94542cb015eb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:58.035115Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 37499a31-631a-46fe-a907-229ac902ca5a · outbound

This paper cites & Rains, S.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Rains, S

Reference 17

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:57.101034Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation c84ffea6-82cd-4898-a283-17d527ecc473 · outbound

This paper cites a pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media a pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:58.016448Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 7e7c88f8-c155-4e7a-af64-a71e802a712b · outbound

This paper cites & Seligman, M.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Seligman, M

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:57.086197Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 648f3b5f-f3f7-4383-af53-6148634f9bca · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:57.072637Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation bc3c8514-c995-4848-865b-ad6b344df50a · outbound

This paper cites The influence of pessimism on adverse network behavior during covid-19: the mediating effect of negative affect and risk perception.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media The influence of pessimism on adverse network behavior during covid-19: the mediating effect of negative affect and risk perception

Reference 21

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:57.060263Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 5ce84fc3-fb25-4b39-90f3-f44c6c9d8508 · outbound

This paper cites & Poell, T.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Poell, T

Reference 22

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Observation 4b8a108d-27a1-4e8d-b9f9-7e61df12244d · outbound

This paper cites & Hills, T.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Hills, T

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:57.034739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation cc13a2cb-8282-45a1-905e-7fc3f30f523d · outbound

This paper cites & Sasahara, K.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Sasahara, K

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:57.021946Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation a55042e5-7773-4293-8a06-357c8220bda9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.566409Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cb66a505-bc7a-4956-bfd4-34a9fb81b424 · outbound

This paper cites & Aral, S.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Aral, S

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.571493Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a20166d7-5cc8-49f3-a5c3-3a29cba4b29e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.575825Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 94c7bc70-46b8-4e9e-b09c-6a1b1d51877f · outbound

This paper cites & Ghorbani, A.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Ghorbani, A

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.580503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 05890938-9254-4e23-9f85-f21e0f6c4a40 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.586462Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 9cf03706-934a-4113-92f6-4b5f28c8f34b · outbound

This paper cites The Pushshift Reddit Dataset.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media The Pushshift Reddit Dataset

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.592639Z

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Observation a6720769-8912-4f87-a844-5065864b5b12 · outbound

This paper cites & Gilbert, E.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Gilbert, E

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.598473Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2a750902-9a9e-465f-b6ab-a7968ed6d526 · outbound

This paper cites RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.603519Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 994c520b-0dac-4be0-89bd-7ea496c161ce · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.612410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1d14f5c0-4994-46e5-a2e8-c3e625b21aac · outbound

This paper cites & Kiritchenko, S.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Kiritchenko, S

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.617931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f639f60f-119d-4b8b-a5df-e571f3519be8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e7955157-2f99-4b38-bf15-abf02dff1bc8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 0f9f93ad-a3a6-4d84-ab0a-91c40eb5b15a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9bead4a7-55a2-4970-9b52-36f42d60b994 · outbound

This paper cites & Smith, N.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Smith, N

Reference 38

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cd0a67ca-19c7-4006-81f1-b43ec6539c68 · outbound

This paper cites A., Schult, D.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media A., Schult, D

Reference 39

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d1ac38ae-c368-4fc6-8645-a823d9587438 · outbound

This paper cites & Sasahara, K.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Sasahara, K

Reference 40

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.905259Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation e99daeea-7643-40a0-a502-b3f1e55785a9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 12ce5b02-7bf5-45e8-a528-381e116f2907 · outbound

This paper cites & Nakov, P.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Nakov, P

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.662960Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3d8ccdce-5e3e-4fef-8638-a952e2ac5e6f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 328c3ef4-5e84-4c67-a3f7-b4b86b873451 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

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Observation 64be143e-f319-408c-8e29-291abf2ca4ab · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

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Observation 7c777591-4325-4d4b-9800-6624dac77ebf · outbound

This paper cites Characterization of political polarized users attacked by language toxicity on Twitter.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Characterization of political polarized users attacked by language toxicity on Twitter

Reference 46

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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This paper cites B., Zhang, J., Wang, C.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media B., Zhang, J., Wang, C

Reference 47

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:57.446948Z

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Observation 0e07fcfb-7903-44cd-8e3d-a7a529c2897e · outbound

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Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media D., Spears, R

Reference 48

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 0e82c179-7a35-48ad-9ada-4f065389f3a5 · outbound

This paper cites The social calibration of emotion expression: An affective basis of micro-social order.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media The social calibration of emotion expression: An affective basis of micro-social order

Reference 49

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.834915Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation a0a8af31-a42d-4597-bf99-732e72289d8b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

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Observation 7eadc733-0bd9-4183-ad3d-ed9654db9b0a · outbound

This paper cites & Kligler-Vilenchik, N.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media & Kligler-Vilenchik, N

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.713941Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 542209f0-e646-4107-8b3c-cb13054c3800 · outbound

This paper cites J., Wills, J.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media J., Wills, J

Reference 52

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.718917Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 7fbef143-505a-4ad6-bd86-15af51636a41 · outbound

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Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Understanding and countering misinformation about climate change

Reference 53

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:56.794969Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 318f4f32-a321-4680-a313-df87788bdfd1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:10:57.962378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 17801f37-8415-4a99-88ae-312c720cac71 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Polarized Patterns of Language Toxicity and Sentiment of Debunking Posts on Social Media Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.