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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 25 of 25 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.02591.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.02591 v1

Coverage vector

measured 25 of 25 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:42.093616Z

measured 25 of 25 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

25 of 25 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy16
  • unresolved7
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier1
  • metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 6f6d3230-9e48-4e10-9550-23c54a4415a8 · outbound

This paper cites InProceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Process- ing, pages 14113–14130, Miami, Florida, USA.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures InProceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Process- ing, pages 14113–14130, Miami, Florida, USA

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:45.110979Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 53551285-96bc-40cd-a8ee-5d41ddacb595 · outbound

This paper cites Multi3Hate: Multimodal, Multilingual, and Multicultural Hate Speech Detection with Vision-Language Models.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures Multi3Hate: Multimodal, Multilingual, and Multicultural Hate Speech Detection with Vision-Language Models

Reference 3

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:42.594791Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation d85c25ca-9011-456c-914e-54142952e41e · outbound

This paper cites Aya Expanse: Combining Research Breakthroughs for a New Multilingual Frontier.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures Aya Expanse: Combining Research Breakthroughs for a New Multilingual Frontier

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:40.662801Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 6ba1d4ce-4d48-4c10-b023-54663f40f768 · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 8823–8838, Online.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 8823–8838, Online

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:44.805714Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation faedaa44-e4b4-45bf-9045-3d26633dd774 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:40.800190Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:27:40.800190Z digest=sha256:7129d1c7eb47a703accb6075c8d1e2b0cbca458c3ade772ff7ce5a0596a3881b

Observation db592306-c875-4db5-ab7d-7b66496b673b · outbound

This paper cites Accessed: 2024- 02-13.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures Accessed: 2024- 02-13

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:44.461699Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation cc58f6ec-a393-4cfb-bf35-9e7615d8ed5a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:44.295835Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 205bf57e-27e7-4ab3-b128-c62f585487b2 · outbound

This paper cites InFindings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024, pages 9668–9688, Bangkok, Thailand.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures InFindings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024, pages 9668–9688, Bangkok, Thailand

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:44.147053Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:27:41.002980Z digest=sha256:3f68b06e0dd6fcf49aad6df8ec21d8274600c16069dda4f283273ceafc6cbdbc

Observation 7116ec6d-ccef-4c0d-b222-e5d3940fc81e · outbound

This paper cites Multi-hop Question Answering.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures Multi-hop Question Answering

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:41.081990Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 982db9c8-ad7b-4648-ad8e-8792edc5f485 · outbound

This paper cites InProceedings of the 2024 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Trans- parency, FAccT ’24, page 1211–1228, New York, NY , USA.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures InProceedings of the 2024 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Trans- parency, FAccT ’24, page 1211–1228, New York, NY , USA

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:44.005431Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 410885f9-0312-4abe-99a7-81c3b9a270ce · outbound

This paper cites InFindings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023, pages 5687–5711, Singa- pore.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures InFindings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023, pages 5687–5711, Singa- pore

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:43.603221Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:27:41.426236Z digest=sha256:5c4d491c4d0bfe9ad1377410bc6c4ee1c0580bd27d467125045f944e09ed6c94

Observation 3db3e589-d7cd-4a32-951d-bb8ceee7c975 · outbound

This paper cites InFindings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024, pages 4996–5025, Miami, Florida, USA.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures InFindings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024, pages 4996–5025, Miami, Florida, USA

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:27:41.608249Z digest=sha256:968a8aaeec5fede217dadd87068e9f7d4b1758666ff2f6b6ea65dbbe27e3e984

Observation 20207cc7-ce89-4276-bc04-851e4703ac52 · outbound

This paper cites https:// simplemaps.com/data/world-cities.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures https:// simplemaps.com/data/world-cities

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:43.301524Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:27:41.645093Z digest=sha256:c9294a717db5f0dd176039657a21812690fa8adfe121ac19c5f5257c2f9d1bd6

Observation b430aa8a-7134-44de-810a-40930a53067f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:43.157443Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 9499fb4d-8509-4cb3-a830-428fb411490d · outbound

This paper cites Accessed: 2024-02-13.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures Accessed: 2024-02-13

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:43.034851Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation b0df1458-677d-49b9-9de3-7afdf0151031 · outbound

This paper cites Accessed: 2025-02-13.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures Accessed: 2025-02-13

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:42.960159Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation ca585719-c2fb-4bd0-94b0-74fdc0d7c59f · outbound

This paper cites Accessed: 2025-02-13.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures Accessed: 2025-02-13

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:42.822684Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:27:41.933619Z digest=sha256:73a9de2bade3610ea09016906bdc8e5d3162421ca7e13d4492dec01c6f2e9982

Observation c98f90bd-cc13-448f-932d-3074d986ec0a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures Unresolved cited work

Reference 64

Resolution
malformed identifier
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:42.411226Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:27:42.093616Z digest=sha256:398ae178b218eb441fc266b8575e0cd4ac6b598c456c08ab5d81c0b5a90f14c2

Observation 0424d336-fd87-4ab1-b94e-de54ec732e0d · outbound

This paper cites InProceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empiri- cal Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 2369–2380, Brussels, Belgium.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures InProceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empiri- cal Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 2369–2380, Brussels, Belgium

Reference 2018

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:42.694957Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 18dde388-d7bf-4393-8abc-5e6894bf9c8b · outbound

This paper cites Association for Computational Linguistics.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures Association for Computational Linguistics

Reference 2019

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 9ecfe868-2816-4403-b9f5-c645bc712f07 · outbound

This paper cites InFindings of the Asso- ciation for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020, pages 1026–1036, Online.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures InFindings of the Asso- ciation for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020, pages 1026–1036, Online

Reference 2020

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:44.957920Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:27:40.544192Z digest=sha256:183b46ea1a8262e96c5793ea746cbe02b09b3cbfb729765c1b14cfee8d39a7cb

Observation b1aee333-8126-4977-80af-88867f879a17 · outbound

This paper cites Association for Com- putational Linguistics.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures Association for Com- putational Linguistics

Reference 2022

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:43.833441Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation ea55517f-ee75-4b79-88fb-b4572c59296c · outbound

This paper cites InProceed- ings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 12216–12235, Singapore.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures InProceed- ings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 12216–12235, Singapore

Reference 2023

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:44.636277Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:27:40.742159Z digest=sha256:7ae190b71eaf6a22e38d3f5fc64c982e0b8d692ebb05914e9f2459cd4a402ee0

Observation 37e902b4-b076-4bcb-8da2-34f8d6088055 · outbound

This paper cites Physics of Language Models: Part 3.1, Knowledge Storage and Extraction.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures Physics of Language Models: Part 3.1, Knowledge Storage and Extraction

Reference 2024

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:40.217335Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 35c37299-4a7e-463d-aa75-a68a25d23363 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

On Generalization across Measurement Systems: LLMs Entail More Test-Time Compute for Underrepresented Cultures Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 2025

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:27:41.553972Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:27:41.553972Z digest=sha256:b2de700478739f5e92c14f69ccc7f2791774497b0fa8a90d409ded4fe4269064

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.