Dynamic Optimization of Virtual Inertia and Damping in Converter-Based Power Systems

The transition towards a sustainable power system is enabled by the replacement of conventional synchronous generators with converter-interfaced renewable energy sources. However, the resulting loss of rotational inertia and governor damping causes significant frequency deviations and can therefore cause instability. The focus of this paper is the optimal allocation of virtual inertia and damping in the power system activated by established converter control schemes. To this end, we propose a novel dynamic optimization algorithm that considers performance metrics for system stability, cost-efficiency, and resilience. In addition, our algorithm considers the magnitudes and locations of disturbances in the power system for the optimal allocation. Finally, we validate our approach on a three-area system and also compare our results with a $\mathcal{H}_2$ system-norm-based allocation approach.