Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:08.409179Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter
As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 53 of 53 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.03064.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
53 of 53 outbound references displayed
- verified exact1
- verified fuzzy34
- unresolved18
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation 8daed684-e0f0-462e-9da5-97b3e4469249 · outbound
This paper cites Bohr, Studies on the electron theory of metals., in Niels Bohr Collected Works – Volume 1 – Early Work (1905 – 1911) , edited by L.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Bohr, Studies on the electron theory of metals., in Niels Bohr Collected Works – Volume 1 – Early Work (1905 – 1911) , edited by L
Reference 1
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:19.773248Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 29f63483-4f2a-4206-9710-19a3673be6e3 · outbound
This paper cites Van Leeuwen, Probl` emes de la th´ eorie ´ electronique du magn´ etisme, Journal de Physique et le Radium2, 361 (1921).
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Van Leeuwen, Probl` emes de la th´ eorie ´ electronique du magn´ etisme, Journal de Physique et le Radium2, 361 (1921)
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:19.578903Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 5b74f0a0-9313-46fc-b514-f37962c64283 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 3
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:19.326375Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 0f5afd85-75e9-422e-9b88-b5602a7a0a08 · outbound
This paper cites Landau, Diamagnetismus der Metalle, Zeitschrift f¨ ur Physik 64, 629 (1930).
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Landau, Diamagnetismus der Metalle, Zeitschrift f¨ ur Physik 64, 629 (1930)
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:19.047879Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 70711d32-c5ed-478f-bc1f-7122ae54563c · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 5
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:18.822654Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 10291c77-2f21-41ba-9ba9-92accb38c4b7 · outbound
This paper cites Kumar and K.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Kumar and K
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:18.596140Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation b6222d72-e2d9-4b0f-adf4-8714eaf4a6cb · outbound
This paper cites Pradhan and U.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Pradhan and U
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:18.329725Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation aad08d05-733a-499b-bc16-fa150f7e385b · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 8
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:18.079111Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation debf1ff0-c0e2-4957-8c17-31cd821f5662 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 9
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:17.874401Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 8c12a22a-a4aa-432c-bd18-cd9c479018b5 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 10
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:17.672005Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 10a87d60-a795-451f-b624-522f659530a3 · outbound
This paper cites Poincar´ e, Sur une forme nouvelle des ´ equations de la M´ ecanique, C.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Poincar´ e, Sur une forme nouvelle des ´ equations de la M´ ecanique, C
Reference 11
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:17.441348Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 8fb6270a-a164-464c-b570-f38a328e9594 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 12
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:17.160234Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation dc12d6c4-1373-4d63-965e-1750ca483337 · outbound
This paper cites Sknepnek and S.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Sknepnek and S
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:16.866848Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 187992fa-41ce-4100-b7e7-15f956bec0a9 · outbound
This paper cites Henkes, M.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Henkes, M
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:16.612833Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation b54fa128-5adc-44ee-8631-b55c81737ccf · outbound
This paper cites Muhsin, M.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Muhsin, M
Reference 15
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:16.433438Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 01398d90-e319-45e1-be60-135671f5d292 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 16
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:16.169751Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation ab0d877d-46c3-4a70-a43f-bfa955f3e54f · outbound
This paper cites Hairer, C.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Hairer, C
Reference 17
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:15.906387Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation ca7b6a71-ba69-46b7-a6ca-e3a9a5eb7851 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 18
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:15.699317Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 579f54dc-e954-440d-92ce-20e4334f9a96 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:15.438236Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation b2b0c48a-4854-4faf-9aa5-b5d2cf8f9309 · outbound
This paper cites Brinkman, Brownian motion in a field of force and the diffusion theory of chemical reactions, Physica 22, 29 (1956).
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Brinkman, Brownian motion in a field of force and the diffusion theory of chemical reactions, Physica 22, 29 (1956)
Reference 20
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:15.175014Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation de7f418a-be6a-4b8f-a8d3-d55a92d8ced7 · outbound
This paper cites Langevin, Sur la th´ eorie du magn´ etisme, Journal de Physique Th´ eorique et Appliqu´ ee4, 678 (1905).
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Langevin, Sur la th´ eorie du magn´ etisme, Journal de Physique Th´ eorique et Appliqu´ ee4, 678 (1905)
Reference 21
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:14.994471Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 8fc2187d-6b0e-41fe-9b92-dd8c54934cf1 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 22
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:14.764069Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 40c11e8b-090a-4380-8c0d-1ecec3212e9a · outbound
This paper cites Lee and C.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Lee and C
Reference 23
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:14.545846Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 1f75b205-7b4f-4b26-8a7b-47971d446200 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 24
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:14.295557Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 360272dc-dad3-43de-97c4-180fdc67ea56 · outbound
This paper cites Abdoli, H.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Abdoli, H
Reference 25
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:14.024930Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 72b0a358-4ce7-4a7b-b8a9-b162c7f86301 · outbound
This paper cites Abdoli, E.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Abdoli, E
Reference 26
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:13.769964Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 9c936976-c7cb-4118-a2d7-9b7d70e34b5c · outbound
This paper cites Matevosyan and A.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Matevosyan and A
Reference 27
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:13.482174Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 3d8d30be-f8ac-488c-bc81-27ab16d11085 · outbound
This paper cites Muhsin and M.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Muhsin and M
Reference 28
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:13.274105Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 606d7baf-5738-4acc-aec9-8c32d620f28e · outbound
This paper cites Muhsin, F.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Muhsin, F
Reference 29
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:13.035168Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation caa0e02c-8993-4ed0-8595-35d50b0c51b4 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 30
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:12.772810Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation ba9d7d75-4c8f-4d69-bcac-439d4189105c · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:12.549640Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation c2b66642-c5f7-4ebb-a939-40875b1190ce · outbound
This paper cites Tierno, R.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Tierno, R
Reference 32
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:12.301162Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation e6b7d9fd-2f0b-4211-a1de-f4e167180888 · outbound
This paper cites Guillamat, J.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Guillamat, J
Reference 33
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:12.037172Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 909ddd5d-158c-42bf-9e84-18e78e964062 · outbound
This paper cites Mandal, G.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Mandal, G
Reference 34
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:11.853584Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 4aeeac2a-7cdc-4371-9142-b759f858dd07 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 35
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:11.653460Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 924686a4-c392-4e54-9546-1c3fab608275 · outbound
This paper cites Bente, A.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Bente, A
Reference 36
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:11.503971Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 42d17c27-7e0c-4bac-84cf-db79b9baf38c · outbound
This paper cites Matsunaga, J.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Matsunaga, J
Reference 37
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:11.338192Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 16d1b876-3a4d-41d4-a2a0-bed23d34cf6a · outbound
This paper cites The latter suggests that nonequilibrium work can be extracted from the system using suitable cyclic, and not necessarily adiabatic, time-dependent magnetic fields [31, 40, 41].
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter The latter suggests that nonequilibrium work can be extracted from the system using suitable cyclic, and not necessarily adiabatic, time-dependent magnetic fields [31, 40, 41]
Reference 38
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:19.948330Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 01873cdf-d3de-4f6e-bdca-ea9fecf0fa2a · outbound
This paper cites Th´ ery, A.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Th´ ery, A
Reference 39
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:11.174315Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 52ba272f-a859-43e2-b01e-f15593aec7ed · outbound
This paper cites Baiesi, C.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Baiesi, C
Reference 40
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:11.017711Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation adbbbced-4420-4444-aea7-b5aba1d7fec1 · outbound
This paper cites Fodor and M.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Fodor and M
Reference 41
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:10.813348Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 21d286c2-52cd-41fa-b8a3-b178d084bb24 · outbound
This paper cites Abdoli, R.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Abdoli, R
Reference 42
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:10.619869Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation e474039c-3c81-40fa-9f21-e2214ac8c8d7 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 43
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:10.446490Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation cd68e1f0-1182-477f-a518-8142a81ca5f0 · outbound
This paper cites Saha and A.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Saha and A
Reference 44
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:10.305255Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 2ce51b84-c35e-4f09-b9a4-d9d07053f258 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 45
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:10.127479Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 9371be85-0f91-468c-9454-20d8b040b494 · outbound
This paper cites Seifert, Stochastic thermodynamics, fluctuation the- orems and molecular machines, Reports on Progress in Physics 75, 126001 (2012).
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Seifert, Stochastic thermodynamics, fluctuation the- orems and molecular machines, Reports on Progress in Physics 75, 126001 (2012)
Reference 46
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:07.603163Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dbde38d7-178d-4975-aafb-eb151e7f8e06 · outbound
This paper cites Lauga, W.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Lauga, W
Reference 47
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:09.965619Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 362a824a-e774-4569-8aa6-889390b2c9a7 · outbound
This paper cites Liebchen and D.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Liebchen and D
Reference 48
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:09.719709Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation f0333d44-7c8e-4fb1-a91f-c8a2c704b871 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Unresolved cited work
Reference 49
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:09.509557Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 3d74eec9-c78f-4b1a-9046-8b60a29cdd0b · outbound
This paper cites Intrinsic Langevin dynamics of rigid inclusions on curved surfaces.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Intrinsic Langevin dynamics of rigid inclusions on curved surfaces
Reference 50
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:08.603986Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 5710404f-6f5b-4f0c-878c-1eccc51e9c8a · outbound
This paper cites O’Byrne and M.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter O’Byrne and M
Reference 51
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:09.301891Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 85d8cd5f-0286-4e48-9f6e-7520da9a8162 · outbound
This paper cites Gopal, Control Systems: Principles and Design , 2nd ed.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Gopal, Control Systems: Principles and Design , 2nd ed
Reference 52
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:09.045273Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation b3a76e4a-30a2-43ec-8e92-7acf0b9a525c · outbound
This paper cites Czopnik and P.
Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter Czopnik and P
Reference 53
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:19:08.817532Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.