Pith. sign in

Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method

As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 59 of 59 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2504.12415.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2504.12415 v1

Coverage vector

measured 59 of 59 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.514793Z

measured 59 of 59 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

59 of 59 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact35
  • verified fuzzy9
  • unresolved12
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier2
  • metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 11433e68-28fe-4aa3-a640-2fffab4d6e6d · outbound

This paper cites Use of real-world evidence from healthcare utilization data to evaluate drug safety during pregnancy.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Use of real-world evidence from healthcare utilization data to evaluate drug safety during pregnancy

Reference 1

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.446948Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.142307Z digest=sha256:0d1303cdcff976a6c891895c28404dd4177dcd31b90b09e2da2ed85be99f3611

Observation 6f577595-2f36-404c-a9a6-2a8776fe363a · outbound

This paper cites Identification of pregnancies in healthcare data: A changing landscape.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Identification of pregnancies in healthcare data: A changing landscape

Reference 2

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.426256Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.148352Z digest=sha256:b05d09af273b122fadc5c399a9239a5b4f93bd3df35be1b5628bef1ba472ed6e

Observation 069345ba-03a2-4b80-a6e6-6ec9272166a8 · outbound

This paper cites Immortal time bias in pharmacoepidemiology.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Immortal time bias in pharmacoepidemiology

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.154153Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.154153Z digest=sha256:c9c928737c44dd9a177cc5f41d7161da0b8d8e1fac70c4fb9167906b98ac971f

Observation 9ffee5d0-39d8-40cc-a9ef-fac913833b1f · outbound

This paper cites Specifying a target trial prevents immortal time bias and other self-inflicted injuries in observational analyses.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Specifying a target trial prevents immortal time bias and other self-inflicted injuries in observational analyses

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.159898Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.159898Z digest=sha256:ed7b4e518442ca8dbb03915773c188a70fa36a2b6281855103e7428db77c5ba9

Observation 1685f350-73fd-45c8-bdba-9f49b8745519 · outbound

This paper cites Identification of pregnancies and infants within a US commercial healthcare administrative claims database.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Identification of pregnancies and infants within a US commercial healthcare administrative claims database

Reference 5

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.381032Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.165586Z digest=sha256:e2c586b7b585f679d9623b9ed7d316070dfb77223e718e24588d015ae52a8d99

Observation c4f4993c-c804-4505-bc6f-88031dc1c5ae · outbound

This paper cites ACOG Practice Bulletin No.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method ACOG Practice Bulletin No

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:16.057895Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.170916Z digest=sha256:41077073209a701e3fe072fca5c49d8069f43e71708a395fdf81021b9459d226

Observation 0b5a37f1-da1e-4c27-bb21-254942ecb68c · outbound

This paper cites Bias from restricting to live births when estimating effects of prescription drug use on pregnancy complications: A simulation.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Bias from restricting to live births when estimating effects of prescription drug use on pregnancy complications: A simulation

Reference 7

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.360754Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.177414Z digest=sha256:376cd77fa86338db7c3274d4e3fa93608907f6e4c4b92b6b5a9df9477a98b9ad

Observation 881120f0-327e-4e44-9b7f-d7fe33aeb56e · outbound

This paper cites Bias from conditioning on live birth in pregnancy cohorts: An illustration based on neurodevelopment in children after prenatal exposure to organic pollutants.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Bias from conditioning on live birth in pregnancy cohorts: An illustration based on neurodevelopment in children after prenatal exposure to organic pollutants

Reference 8

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.341959Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.183006Z digest=sha256:a836d6c64c5dd582492a7d97eac937acc67225f3147ae76d2945eba87153b11c

Observation a618998b-8fe0-42c4-8743-1c414a69a692 · outbound

This paper cites The effect of prenatal treatments on offspring events in the presence of competing events: An application to a randomized trial of fertility therapies.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method The effect of prenatal treatments on offspring events in the presence of competing events: An application to a randomized trial of fertility therapies

Reference 9

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.321658Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.188180Z digest=sha256:78d79b211140546373cf53da37c22c6637e6464a69ece722409de9aae0e19fd0

Observation 3d6e6d60-d4ca-43dc-9f3e-9e8c5ed677b4 · outbound

This paper cites Causal diagrams for empirical research.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Causal diagrams for empirical research

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.193492Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.193492Z digest=sha256:d25311d7596d01938166e8c564291ecdb972f12acc8d55e058c664116996576f

Observation 1f102476-ce34-4825-a4ae-4e8e4ca5fa19 · outbound

This paper cites Causal Diagrams for Epidemiologic Research.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Causal Diagrams for Epidemiologic Research

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:16.039672Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.199155Z digest=sha256:f7c1669ca1200b7ff12bc0379f9420a535ce223f5b9bc882f340ea32b98b5c86

Observation d76dbaef-6220-4a18-b83a-8ce1b159a7b1 · outbound

This paper cites Multistate methodology improves risk assessment under time-varying drug intake—a new view on pregnancy outcomes following coumarin exposure.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Multistate methodology improves risk assessment under time-varying drug intake—a new view on pregnancy outcomes following coumarin exposure

Reference 12

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.288443Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.205036Z digest=sha256:ef005476db87c8fcc7ae1e032f1830de6ff9147cbd781af7b0fd640ae375c614

Observation 187690e0-a60b-4dd2-b2fa-ea2ed5dd648d · outbound

This paper cites Inference for Events With Dependent Risks in Multiple Endpoint Studies.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Inference for Events With Dependent Risks in Multiple Endpoint Studies

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:16.020560Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.211516Z digest=sha256:47b5e172fd99d2fddf84cf63370d3c0efaca02d767082234063d8a2fc97c83f5

Observation 33ee2e4f-1eac-4402-b1df-28a5532464c9 · outbound

This paper cites A Structural Approach to Selection Bias.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method A Structural Approach to Selection Bias

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.217855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.217855Z digest=sha256:550713d64d539b98b202a20a74d77651d4b28b4e8d3b1e03f4114f6ae7b55229

Observation dfd5a2cc-be54-4d97-ba5b-c711a6e866fd · outbound

This paper cites Toward a Clearer Definition of Selection Bias When Estimating Causal Effects.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Toward a Clearer Definition of Selection Bias When Estimating Causal Effects

Reference 15

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.268227Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

correction dated 2024-04-22. Source: crossref record 10.1097/ede.0000000000001735->10.1097/ede.0000000000001516:correction, observed 2026-07-11T02:56:14.726756+00:00. This notice travels one citation hop only.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.223818Z digest=sha256:d5dddcce879952f0f8501d5f46727829e7f1448d80fb2864891fa8bd571f4ed4

Observation 99e86aaa-1171-41c6-81b0-f92100ac2ee4 · outbound

This paper cites Using causal diagrams to guide analysis in missing data problems.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Using causal diagrams to guide analysis in missing data problems

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:16.000486Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.231198Z digest=sha256:0ec037ec3cec309dc3f7fb29a04cef656424e22dab1e627ddfebc86e4a10111c

Observation 2f64ae6d-9f5f-4f92-ad06-86262806bfb9 · outbound

This paper cites Selection Bias Due to Loss to Follow Up in Cohort Studies.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Selection Bias Due to Loss to Follow Up in Cohort Studies

Reference 17

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.238223Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.243609Z digest=sha256:48ad9e0ea0771173b64acb6417d83c287315d855ee7f2105cfc8bb5b508a1aea

Observation 1b91e7e6-2e0f-42df-89d0-3489b97b020c · outbound

This paper cites Bounding Formulas for Selection Bias.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Bounding Formulas for Selection Bias

Reference 18

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.217698Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.250169Z digest=sha256:334505168d9a4e41cdfb86f11bde1f85c0edd66ef932b82725a24924f81e050d

Observation 3d97221a-ceee-49b3-9b29-77fdb0500a14 · outbound

This paper cites Methods for the assessment of selection bias in drug safety during pregnancy studies using electronic medical data.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Methods for the assessment of selection bias in drug safety during pregnancy studies using electronic medical data

Reference 19

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.196610Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.255675Z digest=sha256:4f059c80339b550e853695b900c5314118bae0431d5a41da27023ceb3c551114

Observation 16b6f68f-ca82-489b-aa0c-758e5ae46970 · outbound

This paper cites Investigating the optimal handling of uncertain pregnancy episodes in the CPRD GOLD Pregnancy Register: a methodological study using UK primary care data.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Investigating the optimal handling of uncertain pregnancy episodes in the CPRD GOLD Pregnancy Register: a methodological study using UK primary care data

Reference 20

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.177709Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.264469Z digest=sha256:faad9867c91dbd00dd04979d89e761d6dcea8eb7a12cdee3cef93994f4cf8452

Observation 42b9b11e-bea5-4846-a8d3-a95ef32914f2 · outbound

This paper cites Causal Inference, Causal Effect Estimation, and Systematic Error.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Causal Inference, Causal Effect Estimation, and Systematic Error

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.979434Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.272283Z digest=sha256:d49917707f449054e7add5ffce022bfefa0510d15c61d727990ca387caf47790

Observation d9fb229a-8052-4ace-bbf9-4f9a58ab20ae · outbound

This paper cites Inference and Missing Data.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Inference and Missing Data

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.279273Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.279273Z digest=sha256:03da0fb364e309bcfd7163d5537b734695ba0648a88e1a32d044c5742e2715f3

Observation e22bb018-e454-4ca5-91d2-456cfa407664 · outbound

This paper cites Nonparametric Bounds for the Risk Function.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Nonparametric Bounds for the Risk Function

Reference 23

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.144594Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.285347Z digest=sha256:7c90d021e336d8fb0501fb0060af42844d8d267825952de3a44bfc6bcfd1120b

Observation 9c5c96aa-4730-48c9-8eba-43581c0eb4fb · outbound

This paper cites Principled Approaches to Missing Data in Epidemiologic Studies.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Principled Approaches to Missing Data in Epidemiologic Studies

Reference 24

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.126644Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.293066Z digest=sha256:736d124593f1a08335f5cfb9dd9766e3e732ebb91692591bec3feb576a80c62b

Observation 51b69b4d-702c-427f-90a5-7de3b9a9b76d · outbound

This paper cites Missing data methods in longitudinal studies: a review.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Missing data methods in longitudinal studies: a review

Reference 25

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.105993Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.299124Z digest=sha256:b04fc1009377c061957dab9c57ecdfbfdb5d394b78708466b4956ae563380aa6

Observation fd69f65b-833b-40eb-bf7a-a4c48623dde2 · outbound

This paper cites Treatment for Mild Chronic Hypertension during Pregnancy.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Treatment for Mild Chronic Hypertension during Pregnancy

Reference 26

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.084507Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.305420Z digest=sha256:44d45c54021cb93c22a1b158e10f75ab13157a9ec65aadeb0787d3173ef48a87

Observation fcfa97c2-0152-4e65-bee6-b6be8853d2a5 · outbound

This paper cites Illustrating How to Simulate Data From Directed Acyclic Graphs to Understand Epidemiologic Concepts.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Illustrating How to Simulate Data From Directed Acyclic Graphs to Understand Epidemiologic Concepts

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.312209Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.312209Z digest=sha256:4e07a4b471dfbbea355a7364dd55de0c787e99c8a5d76bfab29e4318bcfa418d

Observation 94c2cffb-874a-47f8-af2f-fe1c1ada502a · outbound

This paper cites ACOG Practice Bulletin: Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method ACOG Practice Bulletin: Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.959908Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.319116Z digest=sha256:189a4a135d8d087f574c225f9373a8409fc4620f573af695ea11fff0740e771f

Observation 3e3cbedc-2c30-45b4-9002-546e28747047 · outbound

This paper cites Guidelines for Perinatal Care.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Guidelines for Perinatal Care

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.940505Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.327576Z digest=sha256:be78a94f327cd96161d48b0e1f186abc505f76d9587800ba6b1fc7b5e51ed0f7

Observation dfbbb4ba-5a4b-4553-9dc4-46e7ab106ab5 · outbound

This paper cites Ondansetron use in early pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Ondansetron use in early pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage

Reference 30

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.051166Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.334334Z digest=sha256:700e27c3573d459513f23a8926c13080b08401fda2e5fca434da1727ee8f7493

Observation 21bd8525-6f55-4ea8-a711-cc8bdf986cd4 · outbound

This paper cites Impact of the transition from ICD–9–CM to ICD–10–CM on the identification of pregnancy episodes in us health insurance claims data.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Impact of the transition from ICD–9–CM to ICD–10–CM on the identification of pregnancy episodes in us health insurance claims data

Reference 31

Resolution
malformed identifier
doi_truncated, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.034166Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.342947Z digest=sha256:ed535466795720c6ca3af135111aa2f61772bc70041a29bfeaa8665a1e5a90d4

Observation 98a9d1b9-270e-4b27-b24b-b11cd38e3652 · outbound

This paper cites Identification of pregnancies and their outcomes in healthcare claims data, 2008-2019: An algorithm.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Identification of pregnancies and their outcomes in healthcare claims data, 2008-2019: An algorithm

Reference 32

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.015284Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.350836Z digest=sha256:589042438c5bb1ae12901708560df74d8329d5da61ead8d4b6d0d8671f9d6400

Observation 827539cc-c118-40b2-8cea-92faf10f38b0 · outbound

This paper cites Methods to generate and validate a Pregnancy Register in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink primary care database.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Methods to generate and validate a Pregnancy Register in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink primary care database

Reference 33

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.996294Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.356323Z digest=sha256:59b650bd9c39d0478506ee1f77b0f1199c094b7b5b8336bbb7e73609b8a2f654

Observation 6cca0cca-2157-4bcc-9b8c-0695412cf56a · outbound

This paper cites An Empirical Transition Matrix for Non-Homogeneous Markov Chains Based on Censored Observations.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method An Empirical Transition Matrix for Non-Homogeneous Markov Chains Based on Censored Observations

Reference 34

Resolution
verified exact
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.737992Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.362140Z digest=sha256:3a322786e0360ff02834fb274a19535d4483dd27cd7ebcf3f59ee530fc0a1b4c

Observation ebc69bd8-dc7d-4bd8-8814-a5cdaa4c778a · outbound

This paper cites Healthy Live Births Should be Considered as Competing Events when Estimating the Total Effect of Prenatal Medication Use on Pregnancy Outcomes.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Healthy Live Births Should be Considered as Competing Events when Estimating the Total Effect of Prenatal Medication Use on Pregnancy Outcomes

Reference 35

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.977157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.367743Z digest=sha256:813071edb4760d9899401df131d5ae952cb4b48d2f957d6227b8d69a8a26cc6b

Observation 4912c55d-bc69-41fa-b090-fb5706f9afc9 · outbound

This paper cites Applications of Stratified Analysis Methods.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Applications of Stratified Analysis Methods

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.920590Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.374104Z digest=sha256:bc5813caa803850616d54fbffaf286117b9035102892b0c9ac4aac8e45d08f44

Observation 25acbb12-b0e6-4c5d-811a-e5b697143be8 · outbound

This paper cites Bias due to selection on live births in studies of environmental exposures during pregnancy: A simulation study.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Bias due to selection on live births in studies of environmental exposures during pregnancy: A simulation study

Reference 37

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.948240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.380775Z digest=sha256:480c503cd0e156effe22e8a9d5b7605b32c975a0335af58bc80f5e9bff4bb7c8

Observation 048deeea-c807-4b62-ab49-acd6f585c399 · outbound

This paper cites Bias toward the null hypothesis in pregnancy drug studies that do not include data on medical terminations of pregnancy: The folic acid antagonists.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Bias toward the null hypothesis in pregnancy drug studies that do not include data on medical terminations of pregnancy: The folic acid antagonists

Reference 38

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.925519Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.387011Z digest=sha256:ffc88811fb3c5c1d6deac6f78e9e3eb99791f5a1c8f92d8c4d9e92449a789406

Observation da4c8bb5-d303-417c-9451-2c9ca020e1a8 · outbound

This paper cites Statistical methods for estimating the probability of spontaneous abortion in observational studies-Analyzing pregnancies exposed to coumarin derivatives.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Statistical methods for estimating the probability of spontaneous abortion in observational studies-Analyzing pregnancies exposed to coumarin derivatives

Reference 39

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.902098Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.392940Z digest=sha256:9f3144d0c30ec85981f3c201f369e181af5404ec14dc8e8cf0047773d919fd55

Observation 834676de-bb3b-4603-9eda-5d195c290755 · outbound

This paper cites Spontaneous abortion as a screening device: the effect of fetal survival on the incidence of birth defects.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Spontaneous abortion as a screening device: the effect of fetal survival on the incidence of birth defects

Reference 40

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.901630Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.398996Z digest=sha256:c3ff714993766696802bb6d468e8bf71b25b4d9987d9c76bf6ab721e762cc48d

Observation d86f0386-aed3-4987-a4d8-11acb54a0d78 · outbound

This paper cites Multiple imputation for cause-specific Cox models: Assessing methods for estimation and prediction.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Multiple imputation for cause-specific Cox models: Assessing methods for estimation and prediction

Reference 41

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.882532Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.405367Z digest=sha256:e8c44e1eb40f3490f4325eaab1be4f9de9f826dcbfe1d32830242dd3ccbd2660

Observation 99f1cae2-794e-4c87-8401-3c31a6ab36a8 · outbound

This paper cites Missingness in the Setting of Competing Risks: from Missing Values to Missing Potential Outcomes.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Missingness in the Setting of Competing Risks: from Missing Values to Missing Potential Outcomes

Reference 42

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.862960Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.411508Z digest=sha256:739541959f55cc65b51251f18139608a905202c98185c9db3665bcc523c409d2

Observation 776dceb3-0170-4bc7-8f4f-d6f3203ace7c · outbound

This paper cites Bias due to confounders for the exposure-competing risk relationship.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Bias due to confounders for the exposure-competing risk relationship

Reference 43

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.723306Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.419230Z digest=sha256:c4f0f80f8d56fe43fc4726ef1a7b4648ed708ba97d86529a028afacb9c171721

Observation d6609e72-1cf2-475d-a7c3-850d3fc1ea81 · outbound

This paper cites A causal framework for classical statistical estimands in failure-time settings with competing events.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method A causal framework for classical statistical estimands in failure-time settings with competing events

Reference 44

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.425656Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.425656Z digest=sha256:f0c55e285844685751ae41d2a56447d552dcca0abaa0c8eb1bcd5b974c6469a3

Observation b3729235-a044-45eb-9a93-9a55a38d9f4b · outbound

This paper cites Causal Inference in the Face of Competing Events.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Causal Inference in the Face of Competing Events

Reference 45

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.687119Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.431108Z digest=sha256:c489e5f3b1a60d59e3b87416e351afc9d326ffbc828a4fdcd4053a8e924db270

Observation 0753258f-f67b-4f7d-8439-0755dd17de9e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.667442Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.437157Z digest=sha256:b8bd239cbd5a5e15c0ab80fdff343304e75586510049d3dd16dc77ca1ffaa7f3

Observation de78d996-40e6-4c85-bb27-cc0292cc91b0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.647781Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.443773Z digest=sha256:a2fcdb85c30a5404badcbf350ce5625f3deefb38320541251ecb6cf21842d026

Observation e471a233-ea9a-419d-8c1d-34d7fb9d583e · outbound

This paper cites SolO campfires in SDO images.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method SolO campfires in SDO images

Reference 48

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.655379Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.450837Z digest=sha256:4e1207c9f36e1bbe11da61bf7a8a91201389953d7a026376d04d3bf953783e28

Observation 895e3fa6-26cf-45f3-906d-8d6e1e3016fc · outbound

This paper cites Treatments for pregestational chronic conditions during pregnancy: emulating a target trial with a treatment decision design.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Treatments for pregestational chronic conditions during pregnancy: emulating a target trial with a treatment decision design

Reference 49

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.628701Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.456556Z digest=sha256:02cf70a24d09520054e3cf12ef45392dc6335de7293ffd8b7839b274f5269db8

Observation 1402ebbd-4f0c-47ad-b619-10bb8ec584f1 · outbound

This paper cites Emulating a target trial of interventions initiated during pregnancy with healthcare databases: the example of COVID-19 vaccination.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Emulating a target trial of interventions initiated during pregnancy with healthcare databases: the example of COVID-19 vaccination

Reference 50

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.629944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.462547Z digest=sha256:64e2603a4bba389dae49279a6152a38b707855ebb54ef3921a0a824953916833

Observation b3cc042e-4a45-49c5-9674-521ad03a76a3 · outbound

This paper cites Emulating Target Trials to Avoid Immortal Time Bias - An Application to Antibiotic Initiation and Preterm Delivery.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Emulating Target Trials to Avoid Immortal Time Bias - An Application to Antibiotic Initiation and Preterm Delivery

Reference 51

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.611105Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.468633Z digest=sha256:a530f2a012b363acd93829f9dd73cad48b3e4b4414270bc8cd3e68b9019e422c

Observation b83dcf66-4a7b-45e9-9510-8ec2378380dc · outbound

This paper cites A potential outcomes approach to defining and estimating gestational age-specific exposure effects during pregnancy.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method A potential outcomes approach to defining and estimating gestational age-specific exposure effects during pregnancy

Reference 52

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.590746Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.474753Z digest=sha256:dd9b79e38d67ba7e4a2698aea7f9f78bdd594d9cb66f68474c73cb787ab7561b

Observation fe2650cd-3c59-499b-bd48-46dd67369966 · outbound

This paper cites A method to visualize a complete sensitivity analysis for loss to follow-up in clinical trials.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method A method to visualize a complete sensitivity analysis for loss to follow-up in clinical trials

Reference 53

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.481828Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.481828Z digest=sha256:a3238b5def6ccdcf0c70cee299368237202098210aafd125f9a5801f8a88513e

Observation db051d89-26fb-4ae6-8e3d-2dbd2bdde364 · outbound

This paper cites MCAR, MAR, and MNAR Values in the Same Dataset: A Realistic Evaluation of Methods for Handling Missing Data.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method MCAR, MAR, and MNAR Values in the Same Dataset: A Realistic Evaluation of Methods for Handling Missing Data

Reference 54

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.488411Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.488411Z digest=sha256:fffb0cc075807a3594ca14e52e323ab47338ca1f12d6b1c62cff47106bbfa2f0

Observation 49705299-872f-473e-936f-77777c7ffa6b · outbound

This paper cites Missing data in clinical studies: Issues and methods.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Missing data in clinical studies: Issues and methods

Reference 55

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.570701Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.494668Z digest=sha256:562540f0ec4f282950226bc2748fd2d82af8b9581358056b5a667a621222360c

Observation cf3bfa1e-4e16-4947-879a-3aa82e134415 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Unresolved cited work

Reference 57

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.882016Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.502366Z digest=sha256:2894b5ae67101f9bceefd01c9961df8ba157e6ddd4a45fa664dba466aa21b6ec

Observation 6768db8d-bb65-4c8f-b9b6-a8ed54ef0b6c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Unresolved cited work

Reference 58

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.860730Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.508975Z digest=sha256:7245936d3c082db5a91012db7f2567f82ca873e3a74b4f3fa0dd50fd05a6fd33

Observation f6e0bc8b-a1d9-4c75-ab02-ea54116fa892 · outbound

This paper cites continuing pregnancy.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method continuing pregnancy

Reference 59

Resolution
malformed identifier
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:15.841778Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.514793Z digest=sha256:d7e78d68d4967ad0f90e46fcccf07d42ccddb31193c350a103ae53bc356d0d8c

Observation 99b02e2c-6721-411f-bcb1-5e42c9a68423 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method Unresolved cited work

Reference 256

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:38:14.237110Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-16T12:38:14.237110Z digest=sha256:e1e57e361dc73f9c3c001b728c0024aa139ff4da076df338fe7ac37d109ef192

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.