Cluster-assisted accretion for massive stars

Gravitational interactions in very young high-density stellar clusters can to some degree change the angular momentum in the circumstellar discs surrounding initially the majority of stars. However, for most stars the cluster environment alters the angular momentum only slightly. For example, in simulations of the Orion Nebula cluster (ONC) encounters reduce the angular momentum of the discs on average at most by 3-5% and in the higher density region of the Trapezium %where encounters are more likely, the disc angular momentum is on average lowered by 15-20% - still a minor loss process. However, in this paper it is demonstrated that the situation is very different if one considers high-mass stars (M* > 10 M(solar) only. Assuming an age of 2 Myr for the ONC, their discs have on average a 50-90% lower angular momentum than primordially. This enormous loss in angular momentum in the disc should result in an equivalent increase in accretion, implying that the cluster environment boosts accretion for high-mass stars, thus %in the cluster center, making them even more massive.