X-ray spectral complexity in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies

We present a systematic analysis of the X-ray spectral properties of a sample of 22 ``narrow-line'' Seyfert 1 galaxies for which data are available from the ASCA public archive. Many of these sources, which were selected on the basis of their relatively narrow H-beta line width (FWHM <= 2000 km/s), show significant spectral complexity in the X-ray band. Their measured hard power-law continua have photon indices spanning the range 1.6 - 2.5 with a mean of 2.1, which is only slightly steeper than the norm for ``broad-line'' Seyfert 1s. All but four of the sources exhibit a soft excess, which can be modelled as blackbody emission (T_{bb} ~ 100 - 300 eV) superposed on the underlying power-law. This soft component is often so strong that, even in the relatively hard bandpass of ASCA, it contains a significant fraction, if not the bulk, of the X-ray luminosity, apparently ruling out models in which the soft excess is produced entirely through reprocessing of the hard continuum. Most notably, 6 of the 22 objects show evidence for a broad absorption feature centred in the energy range 1.1 - 1.4 keV, which could be the signature of resonance absorption in highly ionized material. A further 3 sources exhibit ``warm absorption'' edges in the 0.7 - 0.9 keV bandpass. Remarkably, all 9 ``absorbed'' sources have H-beta line widths below 1000 km/s, which is less than the median value for the sample taken as a whole. This tendency for very narrow line widths to correlate with the presence of ionized absorption features in the soft X-ray spectra of NLS1s, if confirmed in larger samples, may provide a further clue in the puzzle of active galactic nuclei.