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Bipolar-Hyper-Shell Galactic Center Statrburst Model: Further Evidence from ROSAT Data and New Radio and X-ray Simulations
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Using the all-sky ROSAT soft X-ray and 408-MHz radio continuum data, we show that the North Polar Spur and its western and southern counter-spurs draw a giant dumbbell-shape necked at the galactic plane. We interpret these features as due to a shock front originating from a starburst 15 million years ago with a total energy of the order of $\sim 10^{56}$ ergs or $10^5$ type II supernovae. We simulate all-sky distributions of radio continuum and soft X-ray intensities based on the bipolar-hyper-shell galactic center starburst model. The simulations can well reproduce the radio NPS and related spurs, as well as radio spurs in the tangential directions of spiral arms. Simulated X-ray maps in 0.25, 0.75 and 1.5 keV bands reproduce the ROSAT X-ray NPS, its western and southern counter-spurs, and the absorption layer along the galactic plane. We propose to use the ROSAT all-sky maps to probe the physics of gas in the halo-intergalactic interface, and to directly date and measure the energy of a recent Galactic Center starburst.
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Nested Fermi and eROSITA bubbles require very similar $\sim10^{56}$ erg collimated Galactic-center outbursts; their asymmetry indicates an eastern density gradient
The Fermi and eROSITA bubbles likely result from identical ~10^56 erg collimated outbursts separated by ~10 Myr, with asymmetry indicating an eastern ambient density gradient.
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