Lattice QCD at finite isospin density at zero and finite temperature
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We simulate lattice QCD with dynamical $u$ and $d$ quarks at finite chemical potential, $\mu_I$, for the third component of isospin ($I_3$), at both zero and at finite temperature. At zero temperature there is some $\mu_I$, $\mu_c$ say, above which $I_3$ and parity are spontaneously broken by a charged pion condensate. This is in qualitative agreement with the prediction of effective (chiral) Lagrangians which also predict $\mu_c=m_\pi$. This transition appears to be second order, with scaling properties consistent with the mean-field predictions of such effective Lagrangian models. We have also studied the restoration of $I_3$ symmetry at high temperature for $\mu_I > \mu_c$. For $\mu_I$ sufficiently large, this finite temperature phase transition appears to be first order. As $\mu_I$ is decreased it becomes second order connecting continuously with the zero temperature transition.
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Cited by 1 Pith paper
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Dilepton Production as a Probe of Pion Condensation in Hot and Dense QCD Matter
Dilepton yields in isospin-asymmetric QCD matter exhibit low-mass enhancement and a plateau in the pion-condensed phase, distinguishing it from chirally broken or restored phases.
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