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Lattice QCD at finite isospin density at zero and finite temperature
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abstract
We simulate lattice QCD with dynamical $u$ and $d$ quarks at finite chemical potential, $\mu_I$, for the third component of isospin ($I_3$), at both zero and at finite temperature. At zero temperature there is some $\mu_I$, $\mu_c$ say, above which $I_3$ and parity are spontaneously broken by a charged pion condensate. This is in qualitative agreement with the prediction of effective (chiral) Lagrangians which also predict $\mu_c=m_\pi$. This transition appears to be second order, with scaling properties consistent with the mean-field predictions of such effective Lagrangian models. We have also studied the restoration of $I_3$ symmetry at high temperature for $\mu_I > \mu_c$. For $\mu_I$ sufficiently large, this finite temperature phase transition appears to be first order. As $\mu_I$ is decreased it becomes second order connecting continuously with the zero temperature transition.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Renormalization group invariant mean-field model for QCD at finite isospin density
A renormalization-group invariant mean-field quark-meson model with one fitted scale reproduces lattice QCD thermodynamics at finite isospin density and predicts a multicritical chiral/pion-condensation point in the c...
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Pion condensation at non-zero isospin chemical potential with Wilson fermions
Using Wilson fermions on the lattice, the onset of pion condensation is observed at an isospin chemical potential slightly below m_pi/2, consistent with earlier staggered-fermion results.
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Minimal superfluid vortices in chiral perturbation theory
Leading order chiral perturbation theory yields the minimal energy condition for vortex nucleation in the pion condensed phase, with vortices carrying quantized angular momentum and self-confining pions.
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