Singly Generated II₁ Factors

In the paper, we study the generator problem of II$_1$ factors. By defining a new concept related to the number of generators of a von Neumann algebra, we are able to show that a large class of II$_1$ factors are singly generated, i.e., generated by two self-adjoint elements. In particular, this shows that most of II$_1$ factors, whose free entropy dimensions are less than or equal to one, are singly generated.