Pith Number

pith:2C5VBBLG

pith:2026:2C5VBBLG5Z7275XOBRHTN7TTXZ

not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

Elastic wave propagation governs impulse enhancement in pulsed jets through flexible nozzles

Chandan Bose, Daehyun Choi, Paras Singh, Saad Bhamla

Flexible nozzles increase pulsed jet impulse by 62% through elastic wave timing.

arxiv:2605.17319 v1 · 2026-05-17 · physics.flu-dyn

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{2C5VBBLG5Z7275XOBRHTN7TTXZ}

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Claims

C1strongest claim

For the most flexible nozzle, the primary vortex-ring circulation increases by 52.13%, the vortex convection distance by 9.00%, and the peak outlet kinetic energy flux by a factor of 4.62 compared with a rigid nozzle. These effects collectively yield a 61.92% increase in total hydrodynamic impulse.

C2weakest assumption

The simulations with chosen stiffness range (Eh = 75-500 N m^{-1}) and Re ~4000 accurately isolate elastic wave effects as the dominant driver of impulse enhancement without significant influence from unmodeled factors such as material nonlinearity, boundary conditions, or numerical dissipation.

C3one line summary

Flexible nozzles in pulsed jets increase hydrodynamic impulse by 61.92% through elastic wave propagation that delays expansion, enhances entrainment and energy storage, and boosts acceleration during contraction.

References

22 extracted · 22 resolved · 0 Pith anchors

[1] A separated vortex ring underlies the flight of the dandelion , author=. Nature , volume=. 2018 , publisher= 2018

[2] Journal of Fluid Mechanics , volume= 2022

[3] Journal of Fluid Mechanics , volume= 2024

[4] Journal of Fluid Mechanics , volume= 2025

[5] Journal of Fluid Mechanics , volume= 2022

Formal links

1 machine-checked theorem link

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-20T00:03:51.884158Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

d0bb508566ee7faff6ee0c4f36fe73be43a445ac15c6c16d9f05e6c00b6b49b9

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.17319 · arxiv_version: 2605.17319v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.17319 · pith_short_12: 2C5VBBLG5Z72 · pith_short_16: 2C5VBBLG5Z7275XO · pith_short_8: 2C5VBBLG

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/2C5VBBLG5Z7275XOBRHTN7TTXZ \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: d0bb508566ee7faff6ee0c4f36fe73be43a445ac15c6c16d9f05e6c00b6b49b9

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "2e1fd8975087063515ad2301e572c1b8c4e54cd0736de2a13130dfea53c3c5d2",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "physics.flu-dyn",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-17T08:22:34Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "4a478cac8994fbce3bc0c9aa763d1eb3076ec788d37950540952e23728c02967"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.17319",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}