Pith Number

pith:2GQVBXKO

pith:2018:2GQVBXKOQAKBI4MGZKKGCIUA7P

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

How to Make Causal Inferences Using Texts

Brandon M. Stewart, Christian J. Fong, Justin Grimmer, Margaret E. Roberts, Naoki Egami

arxiv:1802.02163 v1 · 2018-02-06 · stat.ML · cs.CL · stat.ME

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{2GQVBXKOQAKBI4MGZKKGCIUA7P}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T00:24:09.162034Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

d1a150dd4e8014147186ca94612280fbdf4dc82e4142faf53c904df006930901

Aliases

arxiv: 1802.02163 · arxiv_version: 1802.02163v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1802.02163 · pith_short_12: 2GQVBXKOQAKB · pith_short_16: 2GQVBXKOQAKBI4MG · pith_short_8: 2GQVBXKO

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/2GQVBXKOQAKBI4MGZKKGCIUA7P \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: d1a150dd4e8014147186ca94612280fbdf4dc82e4142faf53c904df006930901

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "c6e2a6d566156df92a403db164b5ee8cce769c97e7312cbacbeced7c866812ad",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.CL",
      "stat.ME"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.ML",
    "submitted_at": "2018-02-06T19:00:12Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "c4bea14ed22db3c32abd7c13f69bc2ab15798a050ffceeceac5ac07f5484c8fd"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1802.02163",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}