Pith Number

pith:2IUPAD3X

pith:2025:2IUPAD3XEOZTZNPOWAPVMHEKCY

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Leniency Designs: An Operator's Manual

Michal Koles\'ar, Paul Goldsmith-Pinkham, Peter Hull

arxiv:2511.03572 v3 · 2025-11-05 · econ.EM

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{2IUPAD3XEOZTZNPOWAPVMHEKCY}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-23T02:13:18.168975Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

d228f00f7723b33cb5eeb01f561c8a163d015b4404679d1fb48938f312a6ac98

Aliases

arxiv: 2511.03572 · arxiv_version: 2511.03572v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2511.03572 · pith_short_12: 2IUPAD3XEOZT · pith_short_16: 2IUPAD3XEOZTZNPO · pith_short_8: 2IUPAD3X

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/2IUPAD3XEOZTZNPOWAPVMHEKCY \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: d228f00f7723b33cb5eeb01f561c8a163d015b4404679d1fb48938f312a6ac98

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "d2d50ff478aabe301e2a2d5e4f52121b8c303e893f515bc099c0d6bd1059476b",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "econ.EM",
    "submitted_at": "2025-11-05T15:53:19Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "ce890e948b00b0660807a0211a44a3e65ab58764c0f9d2fd00ff48508fd4672e"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2511.03572",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}