Pith Number

pith:2KNJHCRC

pith:2016:2KNJHCRCTCWV3SEED6QE2HEWVS

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Using an Instrumental Variable to Test for Unmeasured Confounding

Dylan S. Small, Jing Cheng, Scott A. Lorch, Zijian Guo

arxiv:1601.06288 v1 · 2016-01-23 · stat.ME · stat.AP

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{2KNJHCRCTCWV3SEED6QE2HEWVS}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T01:22:04.847547Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

d29a938a2298ad5dc8841fa04d1c96acbadbd542090dde5e71b121fa6eb459be

Aliases

arxiv: 1601.06288 · arxiv_version: 1601.06288v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1601.06288 · pith_short_12: 2KNJHCRCTCWV · pith_short_16: 2KNJHCRCTCWV3SEE · pith_short_8: 2KNJHCRC

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/2KNJHCRCTCWV3SEED6QE2HEWVS \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: d29a938a2298ad5dc8841fa04d1c96acbadbd542090dde5e71b121fa6eb459be

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "d73847481b2d96e5d64e9c19df41241e97d7901be91758bdc7835e543102effb",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "stat.AP"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.ME",
    "submitted_at": "2016-01-23T16:54:11Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "659cf05c0facfbe6342fd37f5af0dabfe8476208f79b1e9c314dec023e2204c8"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1601.06288",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}