Pith Number

pith:2TZWUUP4

pith:2026:2TZWUUP47HLIZ6Q6T43RWTAS4F

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Co-Design Optimization for Data Center Cooling System via Digital Twin

Shrenik Jadhav, Zheng Liu

A three-layer co-design optimization shows that a two-subloop cooling plant for exascale systems achieves 35.48% energy savings.

arxiv:2605.15516 v1 · 2026-05-15 · eess.SY · cs.SY · stat.AP

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Claims

C1strongest claim

The globally optimal design is a two-subloop plant achieving 35.48% annual cooling energy savings, only 0.18% above the current three-subloop Frontier design at 35.30%. Flow fraction optimization compensates for any feasible CDU-to-subloop assignment, reducing the design sensitivity by 93%.

C2weakest assumption

The reduced-order surrogate model accurately captures the thermal and hydraulic behavior of the full Modelica simulation for all 611 partitions and 49,353 timesteps without introducing systematic bias in the energy savings estimates.

C3one line summary

A three-layer co-design optimization using digital twins and surrogate modeling for CDU partitioning and flow control in HPC cooling plants achieves 35.48% annual energy savings, nearly matching the current Frontier design while reducing assignment sensitivity by 93%.

References

28 extracted · 28 resolved · 1 Pith anchors

[1] International Energy Agency, 2025, “Energy and AI,” IEA, Paris, IEA Special Report 2025

[2] 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report, 2024

[3] A survey on data center cooling systems: Technology, power consumption modeling and control strategy opti- mization, 2021

[4] A review of data center coolingtechnology, operatingconditionsandthecorrespondinglow-gradewaste heat recovery opportunities, 2014

[5] Global Data Center Survey Results 2024, 2024

Formal links

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Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-20T00:01:02.698553Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

d4f36a51fcf9d68cfa1e9f371b4c12e17244fbbcb314c48927d71fab30a8c37c

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.15516 · arxiv_version: 2605.15516v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.15516 · pith_short_12: 2TZWUUP47HLI · pith_short_16: 2TZWUUP47HLIZ6Q6 · pith_short_8: 2TZWUUP4

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/2TZWUUP47HLIZ6Q6T43RWTAS4F \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: d4f36a51fcf9d68cfa1e9f371b4c12e17244fbbcb314c48927d71fab30a8c37c

Canonical record JSON

{
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    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.SY",
      "stat.AP"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "eess.SY",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-15T01:26:07Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "1350c9f95c82ac23445c20fa08079cde7f2429712947ca76e95d22ef81e85ff1"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.15516",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}