Pith Number

pith:3BPO6NN7

pith:2026:3BPO6NN77NUWATGX7TTLQSRPAX

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Models Know Their Shortcuts: Deployment-Time Shortcut Mitigation

Carl Kingsford, G\"un Kaynar, Jiayi Li, Shijie Tang, Shiyi Du

Language models can identify and mitigate their own token-level shortcuts at deployment time using only gradient attributions from the biased model itself.

arxiv:2604.12277 v2 · 2026-04-14 · cs.LG

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{3BPO6NN77NUWATGX7TTLQSRPAX}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

Shortcut Guardrail, a deployment-time framework that mitigates token-level shortcuts without access to the original training data or shortcut annotations... improves overall accuracy and worst-group accuracy over the unmitigated model under distribution shifts while preserving in-distribution performance.

C2weakest assumption

Gradient-based attribution on a biased model reliably highlights shortcut tokens, and training a LoRA-based debiasing module with the Masked Contrastive Learning objective produces consistent representations without original data or annotations.

C3one line summary

Shortcut Guardrail mitigates token-level shortcuts in pretrained language models at deployment time via gradient-based token identification and a LoRA-trained Masked Contrastive Learning module, improving accuracy under distribution shifts while preserving in-distribution performance.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-09T01:04:42.787145Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

d85eef35bffb69604cd7fce6b84a2f05e445694e14479ac48fd9c74b693e26cc

Aliases

arxiv: 2604.12277 · arxiv_version: 2604.12277v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.12277 · pith_short_12: 3BPO6NN77NUW · pith_short_16: 3BPO6NN77NUWATGX · pith_short_8: 3BPO6NN7

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/3BPO6NN77NUWATGX7TTLQSRPAX \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: d85eef35bffb69604cd7fce6b84a2f05e445694e14479ac48fd9c74b693e26cc

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "156c22b847e73b5ef7b0b920bd4f8f7b21d53ca768756be846ee31ad569a5c31",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.LG",
    "submitted_at": "2026-04-14T04:43:29Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "2e0c2f916334614b0721e7be1127eb6da8adaa369e9c66cd5d70afb6c0db44d1"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2604.12277",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}