Pith Number

pith:3F3VFTBT

pith:2016:3F3VFTBTAZW2GZ74ZC6DPKSENJ

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Equivalence between direct and indirect effects with different sets of intermediate variables and covariates

Manabu Kuroki

arxiv:1601.01170 v1 · 2016-01-06 · math.ST · stat.TH

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{3F3VFTBTAZW2GZ74ZC6DPKSENJ}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T01:23:17.693220Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

d97752cc33066da367fcc8bc37aa446a6e7832b00871ef74e0b47819f1fec45d

Aliases

arxiv: 1601.01170 · arxiv_version: 1601.01170v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1601.01170 · pith_short_12: 3F3VFTBTAZW2 · pith_short_16: 3F3VFTBTAZW2GZ74 · pith_short_8: 3F3VFTBT

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/3F3VFTBTAZW2GZ74ZC6DPKSENJ \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: d97752cc33066da367fcc8bc37aa446a6e7832b00871ef74e0b47819f1fec45d

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "b1266ba5dfa64fb540ab993c16d9aff9a65a80be24f177f7f344184244402df6",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "stat.TH"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "math.ST",
    "submitted_at": "2016-01-06T13:15:33Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "9eac66eff3702990c6cdb9f6f27062efd08826b8f55c77a6ce98b6688bd4f48f"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1601.01170",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}