Pith Number

pith:3J4ZSQDM

pith:2018:3J4ZSQDMSN7LU4O54VL7JQU2AM

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Formal Barriers to Longest-Chain Proof-of-Stake Protocols

Arvind Narayanan, Christos-Alexandros Psomas, Jonah Brown-Cohen, S. Matthew Weinberg

arxiv:1809.06528 v1 · 2018-09-18 · cs.GT · cs.CR

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{3J4ZSQDMSN7LU4O54VL7JQU2AM}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T00:05:25.495937Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

da7999406c937eba71dde557f4c29a033e5198fa722a20872a106c32b146b956

Aliases

arxiv: 1809.06528 · arxiv_version: 1809.06528v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1809.06528 · pith_short_12: 3J4ZSQDMSN7L · pith_short_16: 3J4ZSQDMSN7LU4O5 · pith_short_8: 3J4ZSQDM

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/3J4ZSQDMSN7LU4O54VL7JQU2AM \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: da7999406c937eba71dde557f4c29a033e5198fa722a20872a106c32b146b956

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "cf0ba58e208037fc3fd617e5d303892758abace8cc2de0985d55edaa98dcd9e6",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.CR"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.GT",
    "submitted_at": "2018-09-18T04:41:59Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "6a5c94aaa6dd775dfd859e87ffdff47573e33eb7ca87a00bf052f43c095930dc"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1809.06528",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}