Pith Number

pith:3NW7M7FE

pith:2015:3NW7M7FEHSRR6E4YVPN4ONZHNN

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

A simple and robust confidence interval for causal effects with possibly invalid instruments

Dylan S. Small, Hyunseung Kang, T. Tony Cai

arxiv:1504.03718 v3 · 2015-04-14 · stat.ME

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{3NW7M7FEHSRR6E4YVPN4ONZHNN}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T01:11:08.632774Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

db6df67ca43ca31f1398abdbc737276b67be291bec2e4425dd8b2201e26f7675

Aliases

arxiv: 1504.03718 · arxiv_version: 1504.03718v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1504.03718 · pith_short_12: 3NW7M7FEHSRR · pith_short_16: 3NW7M7FEHSRR6E4Y · pith_short_8: 3NW7M7FE

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/3NW7M7FEHSRR6E4YVPN4ONZHNN \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: db6df67ca43ca31f1398abdbc737276b67be291bec2e4425dd8b2201e26f7675

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "ec5ee40cfd613f94445b4d61a2f97887e7239911a778b9fbe2731f668d0a2423",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.ME",
    "submitted_at": "2015-04-14T20:49:06Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "229214c8d0186cdc041e891822001c3b4e7de8ee0373a65dbff3ebd352a1a3cc"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1504.03718",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}