Pith Number

pith:4IUK66WI

pith:2012:4IUK66WIYSVFAQUDLPMDWX6CP7

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Financial black swans driven by ultrafast machine ecology

Amith Ravindar, Brian Tivnan, Eric Hunsader, Guannan Zhao, Jing Meng, Neil Johnson, Spencer Carran

arxiv:1202.1448 v1 · 2012-02-07 · physics.soc-ph · q-fin.GN

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{4IUK66WIYSVFAQUDLPMDWX6CP7}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T04:02:53.336362Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

e228af7ac8c4aa5042835bd83b5fc27fca82db46a89250b9289feb279d180b2f

Aliases

arxiv: 1202.1448 · arxiv_version: 1202.1448v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1202.1448 · pith_short_12: 4IUK66WIYSVF · pith_short_16: 4IUK66WIYSVFAQUD · pith_short_8: 4IUK66WI

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/4IUK66WIYSVFAQUDLPMDWX6CP7 \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: e228af7ac8c4aa5042835bd83b5fc27fca82db46a89250b9289feb279d180b2f

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "297dc70bad4f89d71437f1acd735169d156ef0a5e07d66728fb298ea4f898a3b",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "q-fin.GN"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "physics.soc-ph",
    "submitted_at": "2012-02-07T15:38:25Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "a3456126135811baa982cd272ba6674c506e36d8bac0f2092070b1d1ebed8d47"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1202.1448",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}