Pith Number

pith:4JHPVUT4

pith:2026:4JHPVUT4R4CQ7QG2KFO4OTDVLF

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Beyond Individual Intelligence: Surveying Collaboration, Failure Attribution, and Self-Evolution in LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems

Bifan Wei, Boqian Yang, Hui Liu, Jianhao Deng, Jianwen Sun, Jie Ma, Jing Tao, Jun Liu, Lingling Zhang, Pinghui Wang, Rui Xing, Shihao Qi, Tongliang Liu, Wei Guo, Xiao Huang, Yaqiang Wu, Yu Yao, Zhitao Gao

LLM multi-agent systems advance through four causally linked stages from foundations to self-evolution.

arxiv:2605.14892 v1 · 2026-05-14 · cs.AI

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\pithnumber{4JHPVUT4R4CQ7QG2KFO4OTDVLF}

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1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

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The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

Existing surveys cover individual agent capabilities, multi-agent collaboration, or agent self-evolution separately, leaving the causal dependencies among them unexamined. This survey provides a unified review organized around four causally linked stages, which we term the LIFE progression.

C2weakest assumption

That the four LIFE stages accurately reflect causal dependencies where each stage both depends on and constrains the next, and that the proposed taxonomies comprehensively capture the literature without significant omissions at stage boundaries.

C3one line summary

The survey proposes the LIFE framework to unify fragmented research on collaboration, failure attribution, and self-evolution in LLM multi-agent systems into a progression toward self-organizing intelligence.

References

298 extracted · 298 resolved · 21 Pith anchors

[1] 2025 , month = aug, howpublished = 2025

[2] DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report · arXiv:2412.19437

[3] Qwen3 Technical Report · arXiv:2505.09388

[4] 2026 , month = feb, howpublished = 2026

[5] Guo, D. and Yang, D. and Zhang, H. and others , title =. Nature , volume =

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-17T23:38:55.935508Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

e24efad27c8f050fc0da515dc74c75594eadb9c86287262d0fe1e2691e24f69b

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.14892 · arxiv_version: 2605.14892v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.14892 · pith_short_12: 4JHPVUT4R4CQ · pith_short_16: 4JHPVUT4R4CQ7QG2 · pith_short_8: 4JHPVUT4

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/4JHPVUT4R4CQ7QG2KFO4OTDVLF \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: e24efad27c8f050fc0da515dc74c75594eadb9c86287262d0fe1e2691e24f69b

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "8cb219d022b00b4794d64c67f729180737cb25b57aee1099067beac199c480a6",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.AI",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-14T14:36:13Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "fa321487dcc75004b2ce3113eff20d90ca32a792c1c0bf739570e6e3159aaa2f"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.14892",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}