Pith Number

pith:4TPGCCGQ

pith:2026:4TPGCCGQKS3C52XCEEADEZBTXA

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Testing the 3-equation Kuhfuss Convection Model using the Sun

A. Weiss, F. Ahlborn, F. Kupka, T. A. M. Braun

The 3-equation Kuhfuss model produces a more realistic temperature gradient at the base of the Sun's convective envelope.

arxiv:2604.06151 v1 · 2026-04-07 · astro-ph.SR

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Claims

C1strongest claim

We find that, with the 3-equation model, the temperature gradient at the inner boundary of the convective envelope is modelled more realistically compared to the mixing length theory or the 1-equation model. This also improves the agreement for the sound speed profile between the model and the Sun, and reduces the asteroseismic surface effect.

C2weakest assumption

That the closure relations of the 3-equation Kuhfuss model remain valid throughout the solar convective envelope even though they produce an unphysical negative temperature gradient near the surface.

C3one line summary

The 3-equation Kuhfuss model improves solar interior structure predictions over mixing-length theory and the 1-equation version but produces an unphysical negative temperature gradient near the surface due to its closure relations.

References

3 extracted · 3 resolved · 1 Pith anchors

[1] Third order correlations and skewness in convection. I. A new approach suitable for three-equation non-local models 2026 · doi:10.1051/0004-

[2] (2022) (Asplund et al 2022

[3] Article number, page 14 of 15 T. A. M. Braun et al.: Testing the 3-equation Kuhfuss Convection Model using the Sun Table B.1.Testing the effect of using the abundances from Asplund et al. (2009) (Appe 2009

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-20T14:03:26.714941Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

e4de6108d054b62eeae22100326433b810c2646c636d811a17b17f7ab625ca0b

Aliases

arxiv: 2604.06151 · arxiv_version: 2604.06151v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.06151 · pith_short_12: 4TPGCCGQKS3C · pith_short_16: 4TPGCCGQKS3C52XC · pith_short_8: 4TPGCCGQ

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/4TPGCCGQKS3C52XCEEADEZBTXA \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: e4de6108d054b62eeae22100326433b810c2646c636d811a17b17f7ab625ca0b

Canonical record JSON

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    "abstract_canon_sha256": "0df0aecf59b78b8c76612d2cc3579a472d8045e9ff322322070092fb0bfd949e",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "astro-ph.SR",
    "submitted_at": "2026-04-07T17:52:32Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "66b795d574ea45450487c857447a32bd25158dc54e52c72a5a520ac908a321bf"
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    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
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