Pith Number

pith:4VJIW6RK

pith:2023:4VJIW6RKXYQ2J5GO3T2S5R5JNU

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Non-Convex Bilevel Optimization with Time-Varying Objective Functions

Daouda Sow, Kaiyi Ji, Ness Shroff, Sen Lin, Yingbin Liang

arxiv:2308.03811 v2 · 2023-08-07 · math.OC · cs.LG

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{4VJIW6RKXYQ2J5GO3T2S5R5JNU}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T07:10:49.367185Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

e5528b7a2abe21a4f4cedcf52ec7a96d1ac0fc432c2c45d809b2ebdaf01139e8

Aliases

arxiv: 2308.03811 · arxiv_version: 2308.03811v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2308.03811 · pith_short_12: 4VJIW6RKXYQ2 · pith_short_16: 4VJIW6RKXYQ2J5GO · pith_short_8: 4VJIW6RK

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/4VJIW6RKXYQ2J5GO3T2S5R5JNU \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: e5528b7a2abe21a4f4cedcf52ec7a96d1ac0fc432c2c45d809b2ebdaf01139e8

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "e90728db0f576f1b56cd3393536fd873b6c389885024293ba58f863bc3714aba",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.LG"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "math.OC",
    "submitted_at": "2023-08-07T06:27:57Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "222cf00fb3b8bd39104ee6ffd2c41cabfa70300da920b0f2b33dfb1eeafb6809"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2308.03811",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}