Pith Number

pith:4VLWLVZM

pith:2016:4VLWLVZMHG3TVFD47OURUOJ3TT

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Understanding the Tracking Errors of Commodity Leveraged ETFs

Kevin Guo, Tim Leung

arxiv:1610.09404 v1 · 2016-10-28 · q-fin.GN

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{4VLWLVZMHG3TVFD47OURUOJ3TT}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T01:00:52.122965Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

e55765d72c39b73a947cfba91a393b9ccc313657faff06cc7b819aa31eea61a6

Aliases

arxiv: 1610.09404 · arxiv_version: 1610.09404v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1610.09404 · pith_short_12: 4VLWLVZMHG3T · pith_short_16: 4VLWLVZMHG3TVFD4 · pith_short_8: 4VLWLVZM

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/4VLWLVZMHG3TVFD47OURUOJ3TT \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: e55765d72c39b73a947cfba91a393b9ccc313657faff06cc7b819aa31eea61a6

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "1c065b555b2ff8d9484ab6c57375097114386741a4900bce2ad1ce5afe47077c",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "q-fin.GN",
    "submitted_at": "2016-10-28T21:08:01Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "6713c6389ce9254d78267a6fe319ee67b864ec372092d1f2a32092bc477713a6"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1610.09404",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}