Pith Number

pith:4YDNK5Z5

pith:2025:4YDNK5Z5TSUJPMLUU27HFUOP5P

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Black-Box Detection of LLM-Generated Text Using Generalized Jensen-Shannon Divergence

Ashish Khisti, Shuangyi Chen

SurpMark detects LLM-generated text by comparing the transition patterns of discretized token surprisals to fixed human and machine reference matrices using generalized Jensen-Shannon divergence.

arxiv:2510.07500 v3 · 2025-10-08 · cs.LG · cs.IT · math.IT

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{4YDNK5Z5TSUJPMLUU27HFUOP5P}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

Empirically, across multiple datasets, source models, and scenarios, SurpMark consistently matches or surpasses baselines, demonstrating strong robustness across domains and generators.

C2weakest assumption

That fixed reference transition matrices built once from existing human and machine corpora remain discriminative even when the test text comes from unseen domains, generators, or when the proxy LM differs substantially from the unknown source model.

C3one line summary

SurpMark detects machine-generated text by estimating state-transition matrices from discretized surprisals and scoring them with generalized Jensen-Shannon divergence to human versus machine references.

Formal links

2 machine-checked theorem links

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-23T03:13:48.677481Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

e606d5773d9ca897b174a6be72d1cfebd75c90018a827838b69103e966895d72

Aliases

arxiv: 2510.07500 · arxiv_version: 2510.07500v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2510.07500 · pith_short_12: 4YDNK5Z5TSUJ · pith_short_16: 4YDNK5Z5TSUJPMLU · pith_short_8: 4YDNK5Z5

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/4YDNK5Z5TSUJPMLUU27HFUOP5P \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: e606d5773d9ca897b174a6be72d1cfebd75c90018a827838b69103e966895d72

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "80e8072731cca731fe40e90ad96b168067d31dab20a4a6f3d3b3c9367a4e1ebb",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.IT",
      "math.IT"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.LG",
    "submitted_at": "2025-10-08T19:53:11Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "ccab6a947b5864440e86c38a5478de5df8fa53645a3d891b075a227b4e3775bc"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2510.07500",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}